人工智能與專家系統(tǒng)-在線瀏覽
2024-09-14 13:01本頁面
【正文】 t, however, overlook the benefits of having a puter expert. Forecasting the weather, for example, relies on many variables, and a puter expert can more accurately pool all of its knowledge. Still a puter cannot rely on the hunches of a human expert, which are sometimes necessary in predicting an oute.In conclusion, in some fields such as forecasting weather or finding bugs in puter software, expert systems are sometimes more accurate than humans. But the human doctor should not be replaced. Expert systems have the power and range to aid to benefit, and in some cases replace humans, and puter experts, if use with discretion, will benefit human kind.AI has always been on the pioneering end of puter science. Advancedlevel puter languages, as well as puter interfaces and wordprocessors owe their existence to the research into artificial intelligence. The theory and insights brought about by AI research will set the trend in the future of puting. The products available today are only bits and pieces of what are soon to follow, but they are a movement towards the future of artificial intelligence. The advancements in the quest for artificial intelligence have, and will continue to affect our jobs, our education, and our lives.Linking the Components and MainframesYou know that a puter contains a processor, main memory, and several registers, and that numerous input, output , and secondary storage devices can be attached, but you probably tend to view those ponents as independent boxes. It’s time to link the pieces. In this chapter, we’ll investigate a number of ways a puter’s ponents can be assembled.[1]（1）Bus Lines and Cables A puter is a system. Data flow between its ponents in response to instructions executed by the processor. Sometimes, the bits are transmitted in parallel。 serial cables consist of a single wire and are used to attach slower peripherals.（2）Word SizeCommunication between the ponents is greatly simplified if they are electronically similar. Thus, on most systems, the processor, main memory ,buses, interfaces, and channels are all designed around a mon word size. For example, on a 32bit puter, the processor manipulates 32bit numbers, main memory and the registers store 32bit words, and data and instructions move between the ponents over 32bit bus lines. Almost any word size will do, although 4, 8, 16 and 32 bits are the most mon.A puter’s word size affects its processing speed, memory capacity, precision, and cost. Let’s consider speed first. A 32bit bus contains 32 wires, and thus can carry 32 bits at a time. A 16bit bus has only 16 parallel wires, and thus can carry only 16. Because the wider bus moves twice as much data in the same amount of time, the 32bit machine is clearly faster. Generally, the bigger the word size, the faster the puter.Memory capacity is also a function of word size. To ac
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