人工智能與專(zhuān)家系統(tǒng)-文庫(kù)吧
2025-07-20 13:01 本頁(yè)面
【正文】 oing the job correctly, so that no future accidents occur.Top Down Approaches: Expert SystemsIn the quest to create intelligent machines, the field of Artificial Intelligence has split into several different approaches base on the opinions about the most promising methods and theories. These rivaling theories have lead researchers in one of two basic approaches: bottomup and topdown. Bottomup theorists believe the best way to achieve artificial intelligence is to build electronic replicas of the human brain’s plex network of neurons, while the topdown approach attempts to mimic the brain’s behavior with puter programs.Because of the large storage capacity of puters, expert systems had the potential to interpret statistics, in order to formulate rules. An expert system works much like a detective solves a mystery. Using the information, and logic or rules, an expert system can solve the problem. For example it the expert system was designed to distinguish birds it may have the following:Charts like these represent the logic of expert system. Using a similar set of rules, experts can have a variety of applications. With improved interfacing, puters may begin to find a larger place in society.As stated upon, an expert system is able to do the work of a professional. Moreover, a puter system can be trained quickly, has virtually no operating cost, never forgets what it learns, never calls in sick, retires, or goes on vacation. Beyond those, intelligent puters can consider a large amount of information that may not be considered by humans.But to what extent should these systems replace human experts? Or, should they at all? For example, some people once considered an intelligent puter as a possible substitute for human control over nuclear weapons, citing that a puter could respond more quickly to a threat. And many AI developers were afraid of the possibility of programs like Eliza, the psychiatrist and the bond that humans were making with the puter. We cannot, however, overlook the benefits of having a puter expert. Forecasting the weather, for example, relies on many variables, and a puter expert can more accurately pool all of its knowledge. Still a puter cannot rely on the hunches of a human expert, which are sometimes necessary in predicting an oute.In conclusion, in some fields such as forecasting weather or finding bugs in puter software, expert systems are sometimes more accurate than humans. But the human doctor should not be replaced. Expert systems have the power and range to aid to benefit, and in some cases replace humans, and puter experts, if use with discretion, will benefit human kind.AI has always been on the pioneering end of puter science. Advancedlevel puter languages, as well as puter interfaces and wordprocessors owe their existence to the research into artificial intelligence. The theory and insigh
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