【正文】 都有車通過。例如，天氣預(yù)報(bào)依賴于許多變量，而電腦專家可以更準(zhǔn)確的采集所有這些信息。我們必須確定它們在做正確的工作，沒有潛在的危險(xiǎn)發(fā)生。人工智能對社會發(fā)展有著很大的幫助，是社會發(fā)展的一個新的階段。Secondly, we must be prepared to learn about the capabilities of AI. The more use we get out of the machines the less work is required by us. In turn less injuries and stress to human beings. Human beings are a species that learn by trying, and we must be prepared to give AI a chance seeing AI as a blessing, not an inhibition.Finally, we need to be prepared for the worst of AI. Something as revolutionary as AI is sure to have many kinks to work out. There is always that fear that if AI is learning based, will machines learn that being rich and successful is good thing, then wage war against economic powers and famous people? There are so many things that can go wrong with a new system so we must be as prepared as we can be for this new technology.However, even though the fear of the machines are there, their capabilities are infinite. Whatever we teach AI, they will suggest in the future if a positive oute arrives from it. AI are like children that need to be taught to be kind, well mannered and intelligent. If they are to make important decisions, they should be wise. We as citizens need to make sure AI programmers are keeping things on the level. We should be sure they are doing the job correctly, so that no future accidents occur.Top Down Approaches: Expert SystemsIn the quest to create intelligent machines, the field of Artificial Intelligence has split into several different approaches base on the opinions about the most promising methods and theories. These rivaling theories have lead researchers in one of two basic approaches: bottomup and topdown. Bottomup theorists believe the best way to achieve artificial intelligence is to build electronic replicas of the human brain’s plex network of neurons, while the topdown approach attempts to mimic the brain’s behavior with puter programs.Because of the large storage capacity of puters, expert systems had the potential to interpret statistics, in order to formulate rules. An expert system works much like a detective solves a mystery. Using the information, and logic or rules, an expert system can solve the problem. For example it the expert system was designed to distinguish birds it may have the following:Charts like these represent the logic of expert system. Using a similar set of rules, experts can have a variety of applications. With improved interfacing, puters may begin to find a larger place in society.As stated upon, an expert system is able to do the work of a professional. Moreover, a puter system can be trained quickly, has virtually no operating cost, never forgets what it learns, never calls in sick, retires, or goes on vacation. Beyond those, intelligent puters can consider a large amount of information that may not be considered by humans.But to what exten