【正文】 的傾斜角大小，既關(guān)系到斜導(dǎo)柱的有效長(zhǎng)度、抽芯距和開模行程，又關(guān)系到開模力的大小、提供的抽芯力大小和斜導(dǎo)柱所受的彎曲力。因?yàn)樾睂?dǎo)柱的傾斜角越大，斜導(dǎo)柱的長(zhǎng)度和開模距越小，越有利于減小模具的尺寸，而斜導(dǎo)柱所受的彎曲力和開模力越大，從而影響了模具和斜導(dǎo)柱的強(qiáng)度和剛度；相反，傾斜角越小，模具合導(dǎo)柱所受的力就會(huì)越小。經(jīng)過理論推導(dǎo)取α= 22176。在一般的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算中取12176。由前面的設(shè)計(jì)和計(jì)算可知，該模具的抽芯距較大，而抽芯力較小。因此，一般偏向于取大一點(diǎn)的值。b 斜導(dǎo)柱的尺寸的確定。由前面計(jì)算得到：脫模力；斜導(dǎo)柱的傾斜角；則查《實(shí)用模具技術(shù)手冊(cè)》表1543 最大彎曲力與脫模力和斜導(dǎo)柱傾斜角的關(guān)系，得到：最大彎曲力根據(jù)斜導(dǎo)柱抽芯時(shí)的受力及模架尺寸估算側(cè)型芯滑塊所受的脫模力作用線與斜導(dǎo)柱中心線的交點(diǎn)到斜導(dǎo)柱固定板的距離則查《實(shí)用模具技術(shù)手冊(cè)》表1544 斜導(dǎo)柱傾斜角α、高度Hw 、最大彎曲力與斜導(dǎo)柱直徑之間的關(guān)系，得到：斜導(dǎo)柱直徑然后再由《實(shí)用模具技術(shù)手冊(cè)》表2037 斜導(dǎo)柱推薦尺寸查得斜導(dǎo)柱的各個(gè)尺寸，： 斜導(dǎo)柱 ②滑塊的設(shè)計(jì)為了保證成型工藝的可靠性和塑件尺寸精度的準(zhǔn)確性，側(cè)滑塊的導(dǎo)滑不但有準(zhǔn)確而且要靈活?；瑝K分為整體式和組合式兩種。確定滑塊的導(dǎo)滑形式。這里采用整體式T形槽來(lái)導(dǎo)滑。配合部分表面粗糙度要求為。 為了使斜導(dǎo)柱在合模時(shí)能可靠地進(jìn)入滑塊的斜孔，滑塊在側(cè)抽芯后必須對(duì)終止位置進(jìn)行定位。 ③楔緊塊的設(shè)計(jì)a 確定楔緊塊的形式。由于該模具抽芯時(shí)承受的側(cè)向力較大，所以采用把楔緊塊整體鑲?cè)肽K中的形式，要求配 合為H7/f6。為了使模具開模時(shí)楔緊塊先離開滑塊，以便對(duì)滑塊進(jìn)行側(cè)向抽芯，當(dāng)斜導(dǎo)柱帶動(dòng)滑塊作抽芯動(dòng)作時(shí)，楔緊塊的楔緊角必須大于斜導(dǎo)柱的楔角。+ 3176。+2176。在塑料熔體填充注射模腔過程中，模腔內(nèi)除了原有的空氣外，還有塑料含有在注射溫度下蒸發(fā)而形成的水蒸汽以及塑料局部分解產(chǎn)生的低分子揮發(fā)氣體，塑料助劑揮發(fā)（或化學(xué)反應(yīng)）所產(chǎn)生的氣體如果不能被熔融塑料順利地排出模腔，將在制件上形成氣孔，接縫，表面輪廓不清，不能完全充滿型腔，同時(shí)，還會(huì)因?yàn)闅怏w被壓縮而產(chǎn)生的高溫灼傷制件，使之產(chǎn)生焦痕，色澤不佳等缺陷。排氣槽的設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)遵循下列原則[14]：⑴排氣口不能正對(duì)操作者，以防止溢料濺出傷人，可采用折彎式結(jié)構(gòu)；⑵排氣槽盡量開設(shè)在分型面上，產(chǎn)生飛邊時(shí)易隨塑件脫出；⑵排氣槽應(yīng)設(shè)置在型腔最后充滿的位置；⑷排氣槽一般應(yīng)設(shè)置在分型面動(dòng)模一方；以便模具加工和清模；⑸ ~ ~ mm，以不產(chǎn)生明顯飛邊為原則；對(duì)于本設(shè)計(jì)由于是中小型模具，利用配合間隙排氣是最簡(jiǎn)便合理的方法。 模具溫度調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)的介紹及重要性在注塑成型過程中，模具的溫度直接影響到塑件成型的質(zhì)量和生產(chǎn)效率。一般的塑料都需在200℃ 左右的溫度由注塑機(jī)的噴嘴注射到模具內(nèi)，熔體在60℃左右在模具內(nèi)固化，脫模，其熱量除少部分輻射、對(duì)流大大氣環(huán)境外，大部分都是通過模具的溫度調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)帶走。對(duì)于高熔點(diǎn)，流動(dòng)性差的塑料，流動(dòng)距離長(zhǎng)的制件，為了防止填充不足，有時(shí)也在水管中通入溫水把模具加熱[8]。模具溫度的調(diào)節(jié)調(diào)節(jié)對(duì)塑件質(zhì)量的影響有如下幾點(diǎn)[8]：⑴影響塑件的尺寸精度。⑵影響塑件的力學(xué)性能。模溫均勻，冷卻時(shí)間短，注射速度快可以減少塑件的變形。提高模具溫度可以改善塑件的表面光潔度，而過低的模具溫度會(huì)是塑件的輪廓不清晰，并產(chǎn)生明顯的熔合紋。 冷卻系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)⑴冷卻系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)的原則[8] ①冷卻系統(tǒng)可設(shè)計(jì)成單回路或多回路。當(dāng)流道較長(zhǎng)時(shí)，隨水溫的升高，模具的溫度不均勻，可設(shè)計(jì)成多個(gè)回路。冷卻水孔的數(shù)量越多，孔徑越大，則對(duì)塑件的冷卻效果越好。冷卻水道孔邊與型腔表面之間的距離應(yīng)該大于10 mm，常為12 ~ 15 mm。因?yàn)樗芰先垠w在填充型腔時(shí)，模具的澆口處是從熱的部分，距澆口越遠(yuǎn)的地方溫度越低。為了減小出入口溫差，必要時(shí)，要在模具上設(shè)置多對(duì)水道的出口和入口。 ⑦合理確定冷卻水道的形式，確定冷卻水管接頭位置，避免與模具的其他機(jī)構(gòu)發(fā)生干涉。⑵冷卻系統(tǒng)的計(jì)算 ①計(jì)算塑料傳給模具的熱量計(jì)算公式為：其中，每小時(shí)的注塑時(shí)間為n。則，次每次注射的塑料量為m。根據(jù)表1 ABS的性能指標(biāo)可知塑料熔體充模溫度為。按照模具溫度取值，則有結(jié)晶型塑料的熔融潛熱為qm。單位時(shí)間內(nèi)塑料傳給模具的熱量為Q。則 ③計(jì)算熱傳導(dǎo)面積計(jì)算公式為：；。取10 mm.冷卻水的流速V。冷卻水的平均溫度。其中冷卻水的平均溫度是指冷卻水進(jìn)口與出口的溫度平均值。則有熱傳導(dǎo)面積Aw。本設(shè)計(jì)中塑料蓋的深度不深且冷卻管道的總長(zhǎng)度也不長(zhǎng)，因此，采用在型芯上鉆冷卻孔的結(jié)構(gòu)形式。然而離別在即，我站在人生的又一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)上，心中難免思緒萬(wàn)千，頓時(shí)，一種感恩之情油然而生。馮老師為我提供了良好的設(shè)計(jì)資料，在該設(shè)計(jì)的原理，結(jié)構(gòu)分析、撰寫論文等方面提供了很多專業(yè)性的指導(dǎo)。在此謹(jǐn)向馮老師致以誠(chéng)摯的感謝！ 然后，感謝生我養(yǎng)我，含辛茹苦的父母。沒有你們就不會(huì)有我的今天。同時(shí)，也感謝我的同學(xué)們和朋友們，他們?cè)诋厴I(yè)設(shè)計(jì)期間認(rèn)真嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、不畏艱苦，以及無(wú)私奉獻(xiàn)的精神給了我極大的幫助和支持。附錄英文原文Implementation of Nontraditional Manufacturing Processes The manner in which manufacturing tools are used has changed significantly over the pass 50 years, as evidenced by such innovations as puter controls,flexible manufacturing systems, and robotics. These innovations became necessary due to rising labor costs ,decreasing lead times, and the increasing demand for product quality. Not only has there been a change in the way tools are used for manufacturing, but due to the rapid development of new,difficulttomachine materials and increasing plex part configuration, it bee necessary to change to more sophisticated tools as well. This need for more sophisticated tools has resulted in the creation of a new, unique family of manufacturing processes known as nontraditional manufacturing processes. Generally speaking, nontraditional processes differ from conventional processes (., drilling,turning, and stamping) either by utilizing energy in novel ways or by applying forms of energy heretofore unused for the purpose of manufacturing. Highvelocity material jets, pulsed magnetic fields, light beams, and electrochemical reactions are but a few of these new tools currently used to perform operations such as cutting, welding, deburring, and forming. Nontraditional manufacturing processes are currently employed by many diverse industries, yet many manufactures are unaware of there processes and the benefits, that can be realized by implementing them. In addition,those people who believe that they are already familiar with nontraditional processes are often unaware of all of of the process options available to them or are lacking information on the most recent advance which drastically increase the cost effectiveness and capabilities of these processes. Numerous articles,technical papers, and reports have addressed various nontraditional manufacturing processes in recent years. It is nearly impossible, however, for those who are interested to be ware of all the available information sources as well as to find the time to stay abreast of all the developments concerning this very broad and rapidly changing subject. If you feel that a nontraditional process should be investigated further for possible implementation at your facility, minimize the chances of encountering problems,and assure yourself success by following these mon sense guidelines. Before deciding that one particular process is correct for your application, investigate and experiment with as many alternative processes as possible. If the option is available, select and investigate several applicable. If the option is available,select and investigate several applicable processes, preferably by processing your own hardware on the equipment under consideration.To determine a potential supplier’s level of experience with your prospective equipment,request a list of customers who have purchased similar machines. This list will reflect repeat orders, which is a good indication of customer satisfaction. Be extremely cautions if the equipment being proposed to you is one of the first to be built by a particular manufacturer. You could end up debugging the equipment at the expense of your production quotas.Contact several of the manufacturer’s customers and confirm directly the level of operator and maintenance skills that they require to properly support the equipment, and inquire about the most frequent causes of downtime. Question also the longterm repeatability of the equipment. Are constant tuning or replacement of ponents required to maintain repeatability? Will your application place greater demands on the equipment than it was designed for?If your facility is part of a multidivisional corporation, check wi