【正文】 it is essential, as a first step towards reducing the toxicity of packaging waste, to prevent the addition of noxious heavy metals to packaging and ensure that such substances are not released into the environment, with appropriate exemptions which should be determined by the Commission in specific cases under a Committee procedure。 Whereas the requirements for the manufacturing of packaging should not apply to packaging used for a given product before the date of entry into force of this Directive。 Whereas the timing of the provision on the placing on the market of packaging which meets all essential requirements should take account of the fact that European standards are being prepared by the petent standardization body。 Whereas the preparation of European standards for essential requirements and other related issues should be promoted。 Whereas the inclusion of recycled material in packaging should not contradict relevant provisions on hygiene, health and consumer safety。 Whereas it is essential that all those involved in the production, use, import and distribution of packaging and packaged products bee more aware of the extent to which packaging bees waste, and that in accordance with the polluterpays principle they accept responsibility for such waste。 Whereas consumers play a key role in the management of packaging and packaging waste and thus have to be adequately informed in order to adapt their behaviour and attitudes。 Whereas, in order to facilitate the achievement of the objectives of this Directive, it may be appropriate for the Community and the Member States to use economic instruments in accordance with the provisions of the Treaty, so as to avoid new forms of protectionism。 Whereas the adaptation to scientific and technical progress of the packaging identification system and the formats relating to a database system should be ensured by the Commission under a mittee procedure。 ，本指令規(guī)定這類措施的首要目的是防止產(chǎn)生廢棄包裝物，其次作為附加的基本原則，對(duì)包裝物再使用、再循環(huán)和實(shí)現(xiàn)其他形式的廢棄包裝物回收以及由此減 少對(duì)這類廢棄物的最終處理量。 ，諸如有關(guān)包裝產(chǎn)品的安全、健康保護(hù)和衛(wèi)生等要求，或損害現(xiàn)行運(yùn)輸要求，或損害歐洲聯(lián)盟理事會(huì) 1991年 12月 12 日關(guān)于有害廢棄物的 91/689/EEC指令要求。用于相同用途的“不可回收”的物品也應(yīng)該被視為包裝物。運(yùn)輸包裝物不包括公路、鐵路、海運(yùn)和空運(yùn)集裝箱。 3.“廢棄包裝物管理”是指 75/442/EEC指令所定義的廢棄物管理。 5.“再使用”是指被設(shè)想和預(yù)定在其壽命周期內(nèi)完成最少循環(huán)次數(shù)的包裝物，在有或沒有市場(chǎng)現(xiàn)有輔助產(chǎn)品幫助其再次裝填的情況下出于與原設(shè)想相同的目的使包裝物重新裝填或得到使用的任何操作；這種再使用包裝物，當(dāng)其不再需要被再使用時(shí)即為廢棄包裝物。 7.“再循環(huán)”是指為了原來的目的或其他目的，在廢棄材料的生產(chǎn)過程中再次進(jìn) 行加工， 包括有機(jī)再循環(huán)，但是不包括能量回收。 9.“有機(jī)再循環(huán)”是指在可控條件下，利用微生物對(duì)廢棄包裝物的可生物降解部分進(jìn)行需氧 (堆肥 )或厭氧 (生物甲烷化 )處理，這種處理產(chǎn)生穩(wěn)定的有機(jī)殘留物或甲烷。 10. “處理”是指 75/442/EEC指令附錄Ⅱ第 A部分規(guī)定的任何適用的操作。 12. “自愿性協(xié)議”是指成員國(guó)政府主管當(dāng)局與相關(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)部門簽訂的正式協(xié)議。 Article 3 Definitions For the purposes of this Directive: 1. 39。Nonreturnable` items used for the same purposes shall also be considered to constitute packaging. 39。 (b) grouped packaging or secondary packaging, i. e. packaging conceived so as to constitute at the point of purchase a grouping of a certain number of sales units whether the latter is sold as such to the final user or consumer or whether it serves only as a means to replenish the shelves at the point of sale。 (c) transport packaging or tertiary packaging, i. e. packaging conceived so as to facilitate handling and transport of a number of sales units or grouped packagings in order to prevent physical handling and transport damage. Transport packaging does not include road, rail, ship and air containers。packaging waste` shall mean any packaging or packaging material covered by the definition of waste in Directive 75/442/EEC, excluding production residues。packaging waste management` shall mean the management of waste as defined in Directive 75/442/EEC。prevention` shall mean the reduction of the quantity and of the harmfulness for the environment of: materials and substances contained in packaging and packaging waste, packaging and packaging waste at production process level and at the marketing, distribution, utilization and elimination stages, in particular by developing 39。 5. 39。 such reused packaging will bee packaging waste when no longer subject to reuse。recovery` shall mean any of the applicable operations provided for in Annex to Directive 75/442/EEC。recycling` shall mean the reprocessing in a production process of the waste materials for the original purpose or for other purposes including anic recycling but excluding energy recovery。energy recovery` shall mean the use of bustible packaging waste as a means to generate energy through direct incineration with or without other waste but with recovery of the heat。anic recycling` shall mean the aerobic (posting) or anaerobic (biomethanization) treatment, under controlled conditions and using microanisms, of the biodegradable parts of packaging waste, which produces stabilized anic residues or methane. Landfill shall not be considered a form of anic recycling。disposal` shall mean any of the applicable operations provided for in Annex to Directive 75/442/EEC。economic operators` in relation to packaging shall mean suppliers of packaging materials, packaging producers and converters, fillers and users, importers, traders and distributors, authorities and statutory anizations。voluntary agreement` shall mean the formal agreement concluded between the petent public authorities of the Member State and the economic sectors concerned, which has to be open to all partners who wish to meet the conditions of the agreement with a view to working towards the objectives of this Directive. 第 4條 預(yù) 防 9 條采取措施防止產(chǎn)生廢棄包裝物外，各成員國(guó)還應(yīng)保證實(shí)施其他預(yù)防措施。這些措施應(yīng)該符合本指令第 1條第 1款規(guī)定的目標(biāo)。 Article 4 Prevention 1. Member States shall ensure that, in addition to the measures to prevent the formation of packaging waste taken in accordance with Article 9, other preventive measures are implemented. Such other measures may consist of national programmes or similar actions adopted, if appropriate in consultation with economic operators, and designed to collect and take advantage