【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 te and, hence, at reducing the final disposal of such waste. 第 2條 范 圍 ，不管它們是工業(yè)、商業(yè)、辦公室、商店、服務業(yè)、家庭或其他場所使用的或廢棄的，也不管使用的是什么材料。 ，諸如有關(guān)包裝產(chǎn)品的安全、健康保護和衛(wèi)生等要求，或損害現(xiàn)行運輸要求，或損害歐洲聯(lián)盟理事會 1991年 12月 12 日關(guān)于有害廢棄物的 91/689/EEC指令要求。 Article 2 Scope 1. This Directive covers all packaging placed on the market in the Community and all packaging waste, whether it is used or released at industrial, mercial, office, shop, service, household or any other level, regardless of the material used. 2. This Directive shall apply without prejudice to existing quality requirements for packaging such as those regarding safety, the protection of health and the hygiene of the packed products or to existing transport requirements or to the provisions of Council Directive 91/689/EEC of 12 December 1991 on hazardous waste (2). 第 3條 定 義 ，“包裝物”是指由任何性質(zhì)的任何材料制成的所有產(chǎn)品，它們用來容納、保護、搬運、交付和提供商品，其范圍從原材料到加工成的商品，從生產(chǎn)者到使用者或消費者。用于相同用途的“不可回收”的物品也應該被視為包裝物。 “包裝物”只包括： (a) 銷售包裝物或初次包裝物，即被認為是在采購地點構(gòu)成某個向最終使用者或消費者提供的銷售單元的包裝物； (b) 組合的包裝物或二次包裝物，即被認為是在采購地點構(gòu)成一組一定數(shù)量的銷售單元的包裝物，不管這些銷售單元是以這種方式向最終使用者或消費者銷售的還是僅僅 作為補充銷售地點貨架的一種方式；從產(chǎn)品上拿掉這類包裝物并不影響該產(chǎn)品的特性； (c) 運輸包裝物或三次包裝物，即被認為是為了便于搬運和運輸若干銷售單元或組合的包裝物，以防止在搬運和運輸過程中遭到物理損壞的包裝物。運輸包裝物不包括公路、鐵路、海運和空運集裝箱。 2.“廢棄包裝物”是指 75/442/EEC指令中對“廢棄物”的定義所涉及的任何包裝物或包裝材料，生產(chǎn)的剩余物不包括在內(nèi)。 3.“廢棄包裝物管理”是指 75/442/EEC指令所定義的廢棄物管理。 4.“預防”是指通過開發(fā)清潔產(chǎn)品和技術(shù)而減少： —— 包裝物 和廢棄包裝物中所含的材料和物質(zhì)； —— 在生產(chǎn)過程中以及銷售、批發(fā)、使用和清除階段的包裝物和廢棄包裝物的數(shù)量及其對環(huán)境的危害。 5.“再使用”是指被設想和預定在其壽命周期內(nèi)完成最少循環(huán)次數(shù)的包裝物，在有或沒有市場現(xiàn)有輔助產(chǎn)品幫助其再次裝填的情況下出于與原設想相同的目的使包裝物重新裝填或得到使用的任何操作；這種再使用包裝物，當其不再需要被再使用時即為廢棄包裝物。 6.“回收”是指 75/442/EEC指令的附錄Ⅱ .B中規(guī)定的任何適用的操作。 7.“再循環(huán)”是指為了原來的目的或其他目的，在廢棄材料的生產(chǎn)過程中再次進 行加工， 包括有機再循環(huán)，但是不包括能量回收。 8.“能量回收”是指利用可燃的廢棄包裝物，通過加入或不加入其他廢棄料直接焚化而產(chǎn)生能量，但熱能回收情形除外。 9.“有機再循環(huán)”是指在可控條件下，利用微生物對廢棄包裝物的可生物降解部分進行需氧 (堆肥 )或厭氧 (生物甲烷化 )處理，這種處理產(chǎn)生穩(wěn)定的有機殘留物或甲烷。土埋不應視為有機再循環(huán)的一種形式。 10. “處理”是指 75/442/EEC指令附錄Ⅱ第 A部分規(guī)定的任何適用的操作。 11. 與包裝物相關(guān)的“經(jīng)營者”是指包裝材料的供應商、包裝物生產(chǎn)商和改裝商、裝填者和 使用者、進口商、貿(mào)易商和批發(fā)商、主管當局和法定組織。 12. “自愿性協(xié)議”是指成員國政府主管當局與相關(guān)經(jīng)濟部門簽訂的正式協(xié)議。這些協(xié)議必須對所有為實現(xiàn)本指令目的而工作希望、履行本協(xié)議條件的合作方公開。 Article 3 Definitions For the purposes of this Directive: 1. 39。packaging` shall mean all products made of any materials of any nature to be used for the containment, protection, handling, delivery and presentation of goods, from raw materials to processed goods, from the producer to the user or the consumer. 39。Nonreturnable` items used for the same purposes shall also be considered to constitute packaging. 39。Packaging` consists only of: (a) sales packaging or primary packaging, i. e. packaging conceived so as to constitute a sales unit to the final user or consumer at the point of purchase。 (b) grouped packaging or secondary packaging, i. e. packaging conceived so as to constitute at the point of purchase a grouping of a certain number of sales units whether the latter is sold as such to the final user or consumer or whether it serves only as a means to replenish the shelves at the point of sale。 it can be removed from the product without affecting its characteristics。 (c) transport packaging or tertiary packaging, i. e. packaging conceived so as to facilitate handling and transport of a number of sales units or grouped packagings in order to prevent physical handling and transport damage. Transport packaging does not include road, rail, ship and air containers。 2. 39。packaging waste` shall mean any packaging or packaging material covered by the definition of waste in Directive 75/442/EEC, excluding production residues。 3. 39。packaging waste management` shall mean the management of waste as defined in Directive 75/442/EEC。 4. 39。prevention` shall mean the reduction of the quantity and of the harmfulness for the environment of: materials and substances contained in packaging and packaging waste, packaging and packaging waste at production process level and at the marketing, distribution, utilization and elimination stages, in particular by developing 39。clean` products and technology。 5. 39。reuse` shall mean any operation by which packaging, which has been conceived and designed to acplish within its life cycle a minimum number of trips or rotations, is refilled or used for the same purpose for which it was conceived, with or without the support of auxiliary products present on the market enabling the packaging to be refilled。 such reused packaging will bee packaging waste when no longer subject to reuse。 6. 39。recovery` shall mean any of the applicable operations provided for in Annex to Directive 75/442/EEC。 7. 39。recycling` shall mean the reprocessing in a production process of the waste materials for the original purpose or for other purposes including anic recycling but excluding energy recovery。 8. 39。energy recovery` shall mean the use of bustible packaging waste as a means to generate energy through direct incineration with or without other waste but with recovery of the heat。 9. 39。anic recycling` shall mean the aerobic (posting) or anaerobic (biomethanization) treatment, under controlled conditions and using microanisms, of the biodegradable parts of packaging waste, which produces stabilized anic residues or methane. Landfill shall not be considered a form of anic recycling。 10. 39。disposal` shall mean any of the applicable operations provided for in Annex to Directive 75/442/EEC。 11. 39。economic operators` in relation to packaging shall mean suppliers of packaging materials, packaging producers and converters, fillers and users, importers, traders and distributors, authorities and statutory anizations。 12. 39。voluntary agreement` shall mean the formal agreement concluded between the petent public authorities of the Member State and the economic sectors concerned, which has to be open to all partners who wish to meet the conditions of the agreement with a view to working towards the objectives of this Directive. 第 4條 預 防 9 條采取措施防止產(chǎn)生廢棄包裝物外，各成員國還應保證實施其他預防措施。此類預防措施可包括