般均衡和經(jīng)濟(jì)效率ppt課件-在線瀏覽
2025-06-29 13:03本頁(yè)面
【正文】 in Exchange 10F 0K 0J 6C 10F 6C A Karen’s Clothing Karen’s Food UK1 UK2 UK3 James’s Clothing James’s Food UJ1 UJ2 UJ3 B C D Efficiency in Exchange 10F 0K 0J 6C 10F 6C Is B efficient? Hint: is the MRS equal at B? Is C efficient? and D? Efficiency in Exchange A Karen’s Clothing Karen’s Food UK1 UK2 UK3 James’s Clothing James’s Food UJ1 UJ2 UJ3 B C D 10F 0K 0J 6C 10F 6C ? Efficient Allocations ? 向陰影區(qū)域外的任何移動(dòng)將使一個(gè)人的處境更壞 (closer to their origin). ? B 是一個(gè)相互獲利的交易 —— higher indifference curve for each person. ? 交易是有利的，但還不是有效率的 . ? 當(dāng)無(wú)差異曲線相切時(shí)，MRS相等，這時(shí)配置時(shí)有效率的 . Efficiency in Exchange ? The Contract Curve ? To find all possible efficient allocations of food and clothing between Karen and James, we would look for all points of tangency between each of their indifference curves. ? 把所有無(wú)差異曲線的切點(diǎn)連接起來(lái)的線叫做 契約曲線 ，又叫 效率線 。 G are Pareto efficient . If a change improves efficiency, everyone benefits. Efficiency in Exchange ? Observations 1) All points of tangency between the indifference curves are efficient. 2) The contract curve shows all allocations that are Pareto efficient. ?Pareto efficient allocation occurs when trade will make someone worse off. ? 在兩個(gè)消費(fèi)者的無(wú)差異曲線相切的各點(diǎn)上，邊際替代率相等。契約曲線的軌跡是帕累托最優(yōu)軌跡，曲線上的交換都是最大滿(mǎn)足的交換 生產(chǎn)的效率 ?交換的效率描述了兩種商品交換中實(shí)現(xiàn)有效配置所要求的條件，現(xiàn)在考察生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中投入品的有效使用 —— 也就是生產(chǎn)的效率 Production in the Edgeworth Box ? 每個(gè)軸度量投入的數(shù)量 ?Horizontal: Labor, 50 hours ?Vertical: Capital, 30 hours ? 兩個(gè)原點(diǎn)對(duì)應(yīng)兩種產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)出 ?OF = Food ?OC = Clothing 60F 50F 40L 30L Labor in clothing production Efficiency in Production 50L 0C 0F 30K Capital in clothing production 20L 10L 20K 10K 10L 20L 30L 40L 50L Capital in food production 10K 20K 30K 30C 25C 10C 80F Labor in Food Production B C D A Efficiency ?A is inefficient ?Shaded area is preferred to A ?B and C are efficient ?The production contract curve shows all binations that are efficient Competit
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