【正文】 它們嚇得發(fā)青 , 一邊顫栗 , 一邊自動萎縮 : 哦 , 你聽 !) 。 整部分由幾個虛擬 If 從句和一個 主句 “I would ne?er have striven…” 組成。 最后三行 “I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed!/A heavy weight of hours has chained and bowed/One too like thee: tameless, and swift, and proud.”表達了詩人自己在生活的斗爭中飽受了心靈的創(chuàng)傷 , 所以希望像在西風下翻滾的 浪潮 , 飛揚的枯葉 , 疾馳的流云一樣 , 能在革命風暴中重新起來進行戰(zhàn)斗。 “one” refers to the poet himself。詩人希望自己的詩篇能成為預言 , 自己也能像西風那樣宣布一個僵死的世界的滅亡 , 新的生命的誕生。 意指即使我在戰(zhàn)斗中倒下 , 也是死得其所 , 不足為惜。 “will take from both a deep, autumnal tone”中的 “both”指 lyre(或詩人自己 )和 the , 詩人喊出了自己的心聲 : 請把我枯死的思想向世界吹落 , 讓它像枯葉一樣促成新的生命 !…… 讓預言的喇叭通過我的嘴唇 , 把昏睡的大地喚醒吧 ! 冬天來了 , 春天還會遠嗎 ? 歷年考題出現(xiàn)在 Prometheus Unbound 的大意 , 選讀第一篇的第三節(jié) 。 5 VI. John Keats(濟慈 1795~1821) 1. Point of view Keats believed the poetry is the most effective means to release misery, a vehicle to reach paradise. By bining a tingling anticipation with a lapsing towards dissolution, Keats manages to keep a precarious balance between mirth and despair, rapture and grief. 2. Major works (1)Ode to a Nightingale(夜鶯頌 ) The poem expresses the contrast between the happy world of natural loveliness and human world of agony. Here the aching ecstasy roused by the bird?s song is felt like a form of spiritual homesickness, a longing to be at one with beauty. The poem first introduces joy and sorrow, song and music, death and rapture which free him into the world of dream. (2)Ode on an Grecian Urn(希臘古甕頌 ) The poet has absorbed himself into the timeless beautiful scenery on the antique Grecian urn: the lovers, musicians and worshippers on the urn exist simultaneously and for ever in their intensity of joy. They are unaffected by time, stilled in expectation. This is at once the glory and the limitation of the world conjured up by an object of art. 3. Artistic features (1)Keats?s poetry is always sensuous, colorful and rich in imagery, which expresses the acuteness of his sense. He has the power of entering the feelings of others—either human or animal. (2)Keats delights to dwell on beautiful words and phrases which sound musical. He draws diction, style and imagery from works of Shakespeare, Milton and Donne. (3)Keats?s poetry, characterized by exact and closelyknit construction, sensual descriptions, and by force of imagination, gives transcendental values to the physical beauty of the world. (4)Odes are generally regarded as Keats?s most important and mature works. 4. Selected reading Ode on a Grecian Urn 詩歌第一節(jié)把古甕描繪成 “寧靜的 , 守身如玉的新娘 ( unravish?d bride of quietness)”,“悠長歲月的養(yǎng)子(fosterchild of silence and slow time)”, 田園史官講述的如花的故事比我們的詩句更優(yōu)美。詩歌第二節(jié)主要歌頌畫面中無聲的音樂和情人求愛的場面。詩歌第三節(jié)歌頌畫面中的事物青春永駐 , 藝術的生命永遠年輕。最后一節(jié)是整首詩的總結部分 , 表達了詩人對藝術的看法 : “美即是真 , 真即是美 在這世界上這就是你們所知和需知的一切 ( “ ?Beauty is truth, truth beauty,?—that is all/Ye know on earth, and all ye need to know.”) 。 in the second part he looks at it objectively. As a result of both ways of observation, he is finally able to see it as “a friend to man, to whom thou say?st/Beauty is truth, truth beauty”. The first two lines mean that though time has passed, the urn, the work of art still remains. Human life is transient, but art is immortal, that is the theme of the whole poem. 歷年考題常出現(xiàn)在第 2 和 5 小節(jié)中 。 and her works show clearly her firm belief in the predominance of reason over passion, the sense of responsibility, good manners and clearsighted judgment over the Romantic tendencies of emotion and individuality. As a realistic writer, she considers it her duty to express in her works a discriminated and serious criticism of life, and to expose the follies and illusions of mankind. She shows contemptuous feelings towards snobbery, stupidity, worldliness and vulgarity through subtle satire and irony. 2. Artistic features (1)Austen?s main literary concern is about human beings in their personal relationships. Because of this, her novels have a universal significance. So she points out: “If one wants to know about a man?s talents, one should see him at work, but if one wants to know about his nature and temper, one should see him at home.” (2)As for her interest in the study of human beings in their relationships with other people in daily life, Jane Austen is particularly preoccupied with the relationship between men and women in love. Stories of love and marriage provide the major themes in all her novels, in which female characters are always playing an active part. In their pursuit of marriage, they are usually categorized into three types according to their different attitudes: Those who would marry for material wealth and social position, those who would marry just for beauty and passion, and those who would marry for true love with a consideration of the partner?s personal merit as well as his economical and social status. (3)As a novelist Austen writes within a very narrow sphere. The subjects matter, the character range, the social setting, and plots are all restricted to the provincial life of the late 18thcentury England, concerning three or four landed gentry families with their daily routine life. (4)In her lifelong career, Jane Austen wrote altogether six plete novels. 3. Selected reading An Excerpt from Chapter I of Pride and Prejudice(《傲慢與偏見》第一章 ) (1)Main idea Pride and Prejudice mainly tells of the love story between a rich, proud young man Darcy and the beautiful and intelligent Elizabeth Ben. Mr. Ben, a clergyman who has married young and rashly, is skeptical of 7 conventional marriage and. has no good words for his beautiful daughters except Elizabeth. Mrs. Ben is a beautiful but emptyheaded, snobbish, and vulgar woman whose only goal in life is to marry her five daughters to rich, handsome young men . Darcy es to the neighborhood with his friend Bingley who is an immediate success in local society and falls in love Jane, the most beautiful and goodnatured eldest daughter of the Bons. At a party, Darcy, wi