比較優(yōu)勢(shì)原理ppt課件-在線瀏覽
2025-06-22 18:56本頁面
【正文】 if one nation is less efficient than the other country in the production of both modities, there is still a basis for mutually beneficial trade. ? The nation should specialize in the production of and export the modity in which its absolute disadvantage is smaller or in which its absolute advantage is bigger. 每個(gè)國(guó)家應(yīng)專業(yè)化生產(chǎn)并出口優(yōu)勢(shì)更大或劣勢(shì)較小（比較優(yōu)勢(shì)）的商品 貿(mào)易模式 ? The modity in which its absolute disadvantage is smaller or absolute advantage is bigger is the modity of its parative 、兩劣取輕 判斷比較優(yōu)勢(shì)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn) Table 22 Comparative Advantage Wheat (bushels/manhour) 6 1 Cloth (yards/manhour) 4 2 ?Which nation has Comparative advantage in production? ?. has a Comparative advantage in the production of wheat. 美國(guó)在小麥的生產(chǎn)上具有比較優(yōu)勢(shì) ?. has a Comparative advantage in the production of cloth. 英國(guó)在衣服的生產(chǎn)上具有比較優(yōu)勢(shì)。 英國(guó)在布匹生產(chǎn)上的勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率是美國(guó)的 1/2，而在小麥生產(chǎn)上僅是美國(guó)的 1/6，因此 ,英國(guó)在布匹生產(chǎn)上有相對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì)。 Gains from trade Term of trade and Gains from trade ?If 6W=4C, what are the gains from trade ? ?If 6W=12C, what are the gains from trade ? 結(jié)論：貿(mào)易利益的獲得與相對(duì)貿(mào)易價(jià)格相關(guān) ?在互利貿(mào)易可以發(fā)生的區(qū)間內(nèi)，與封閉時(shí)的相對(duì)價(jià)格越遠(yuǎn)，一國(guó)獲益越大。 Determining Trade Pattern Exception to the law of parative Advantage . . Wheat (bushels/manhour) 6 3 Cloth (yards/manhour) 4 2 Table : 比較優(yōu)勢(shì)理論無法說明下列兩國(guó)的貿(mào)易模式 ?Even if one nation has an absolute disadvantage with respect to the other nation in the production of both modities, unless the absolute disadvantage is in the same proportion for the two modities（兩種商品的比例劣勢(shì)比例相同） . 重要缺陷 2：沒有兩國(guó)間的交換比是如何確定的！ 重要意義：建立了自由貿(mào)易理論的基本框架！ 約翰 （約翰 ? . needs protection against more efficient . 效率的勞動(dòng)力以保護(hù)本國(guó)的勞動(dòng)力。 ?雖然英國(guó)在衣服的生產(chǎn)上相對(duì)勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率低，但英國(guó)的相對(duì)工資更低，所以英國(guó)可以以更低的價(jià)格出口衣服。 ? 一般結(jié)論： ?This is always the case as long as the wage rate is between 1/6 and 1/2 of the wage rate.只要英國(guó)的工資率處于美國(guó)工資率的 1/6～1/2（或美國(guó)與英國(guó)的工資率處于 2 ～ 6） , 結(jié)果就不會(huì)改變 概念復(fù)習(xí) ?將貨幣引入李嘉圖模型后，決定貿(mào)易基礎(chǔ)的出口條件是什么？ ?在下例中，當(dāng)匯率為 1法郎 /（歷史中的貨幣）存在貿(mào)易的基礎(chǔ)嗎？如果存在，每個(gè)國(guó)家出口什么商品？各國(guó)工資的界點(diǎn)為多少？匯率的界點(diǎn)為多少？ 工資 刀具 小麥 英國(guó) 2英鎊 /小時(shí) 60小時(shí) /單位 30小時(shí) /蒲式耳 法國(guó) 3法郎 /小時(shí) 30小時(shí) /單位 20小時(shí) /蒲式耳 Comparative Advantage and Opportunity costs比較優(yōu)勢(shì)和機(jī)會(huì)成本 Comparative advantage and the labor theory of value 比較優(yōu)勢(shì)理論與勞動(dòng)價(jià)值論） ? Under the labor theory of value, the value or price of a modity depends exclusively on the amount of labor going into the production of the ，商品的價(jià)值只由生產(chǎn)商品所需的勞動(dòng)時(shí)間決定。 ?Labor is homogenous (同質(zhì)的 ). The Opportunity Cost Theory機(jī)會(huì)成本理論 ?The Comparative Advantage theory can be explained on the basis of the opportunity cost theory. In this form, the law of parative advantage（ 比較優(yōu)勢(shì)理論 ） is sometimes referred to as the law of parative cost (比較成本原理 ). 用生產(chǎn)可能性邊界來解釋李嘉圖模型 ?如何判斷比較優(yōu)勢(shì) ?貿(mào)易的基礎(chǔ) ?貿(mào)易利益或貿(mào)易所得 ?The opportunity cost of a modity is the amount of a second modity that must be given up to release just enough resources to produce one additional unit of the first 是為了增加 1單位這種商品的生產(chǎn)所必須放棄的另一種商品的數(shù)量 ?A country has a parative advantage in producing a goods if the opportunity cost of producing that goods in terms of other goods is lower in that country than it is in other countries. 當(dāng)一國(guó)在一種商品生產(chǎn)上有較低的機(jī)會(huì)
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