【正文】
賦予不同的色彩,使之成為一幅彩色圖像。 ② 分層方案的確定: 分層方案與地物光譜差異對應(yīng)合適,可以較好地區(qū)分地物類別。 ?合成方案: 彩色合成圖像分為真彩色圖像和假彩色圖像。 二、對比度變換 ? 直方圖與圖像的質(zhì)量 ? 概念: 是一種通過改變像元的亮度值來改變圖像像元對比度,從而改善圖像質(zhì)量的圖像處理方法。又叫輻射增強(qiáng)。 1. 線性變換: 在改善圖像對比度時,如果采用線性或分段線性的函數(shù)關(guān)系,那么這種變換就是線性變換。 A linear stretch involves identifying lower and upper bounds from the histogram (usually the minimum and maximum brightness values in the image) and applying a transformation to stretch this range to fill the full range. This graphic illustrates the increase in contrast in an image before (left) and after (right) a linear contrast stretch. If the input range is not uniformly distributed. In this case, a histogramequalised stretch may be better. This stretch assigns more display values (range) to the frequently occurring portions of the histogram. In this way, the detail in these areas will be better enhanced relative to those areas of the original histogram where values occur less frequently This graphic illustrates the rather uneven increase in contrast in an image before (left) and after (right) a histogram equalised stretch. 三、空間濾波 ? 以重點突出圖像上某些特征為目的。 ? 概念 :根據(jù)需要,舍棄不需要的頻率曲線,選擇適宜和需要的頻率波形曲線,重新構(gòu)成新的圖像,使一些地物或現(xiàn)象得到突出顯示。 ?圖像卷積運(yùn)算: 在圖像的左上角開一個與模板同樣大小的活動窗口,圖像窗口與模板像元的亮度值相乘再相加,得到新像元的灰度值。 ① 比值平滑: 將每個像元在以其為中心的區(qū)域內(nèi),取平均值來代替該像元值,以達(dá)到去掉尖銳“噪聲”和平滑圖像的目的。 銳化 — 突出圖像的邊緣、線性目標(biāo)或某些亮度變化率大的部分。 ② 索伯爾梯度 ③ 拉普拉斯算法 ④ 定向檢測 Edge Enhancement ? edge enhancement mathematically manipulates an image to provide a new image in which edges are made to stand out. Smoothing ? smoothing averages the values of the pixel and its neighbors. ? If there is ‘noise’ in the image (random pixel with random values) the smoothing process will remove these. 四、圖像運(yùn)算 ? 概念 : 兩幅或多幅單波段影像,完成空間配準(zhǔn)后,通過