【正文】 rk, irrational side of human nature. 4. Epistolary novel: a type of novel in which the narrative is carried on by means of series of letters. Samuel Richardson’s Pamela [‘p230。薄伯（1688—1744）1) Pope is a classical poet in the period of English Enlightenment2) Pope’s Works(1) Pastorals《田園組詩》(2) Essay on Criticism《論批評(píng)》a didactic poem in heroic couplets(3) The Rape of the Lock《奪發(fā)記》, the masterpiece, which is worth reading for its description and satire of the dull court life of England of that time.(4) Translations, in heroic couplet The Iliad of Homer《荷馬的伊里亞特》 The Odyssey of Homer 《河馬的奧德賽》(5)The Works of Shakespeare 《莎士比亞全集》(6) “The Dunciad” “愚人志”, a satirical poem.(7) “Moral Essays”“道德論”, a philosophic poem.(8) “An Essay on Men” “人論”, a philosophic poem.Workmanship 1. Pope was an outstanding enlightener and the greatest English poet of the classical school in the first half of the 18th century. became so perfect in using heroic couplet.3. He was a diligent reader4. His style depends upon his patience in elaborating his art.5. He was at his best in satire and epigram (警句). Limitation? 1. He lacked the lyrical gift. ? 2. He sometimes bees artificial and obscure (difficult to understand).? 3. His satire was not always just, often caused by personal grudge (resent).Novel的代表Daniel Defoe: 16601731I. Biographical Introductiona) He was born in London in a butcher’s family, not obeying his father’s will, he developed his interest in business, though his business underwent many ups and downs, yet he was never beaten。d?mi]持異議的私立學(xué)校 His marriage with an heiress [’e?r?s]女繼承人 named Mary Tuffley brought him the sizeable fortune of 3,700 pounds as dowry嫁妝. When he died in 1731, he left his wife and daughters fairly well provided.Fought briefly in the Duke of Monmouth’s rebellion against James II.C） His quick mind, abundant energy and neverfailing enthusiasm always brought him back on his fleet after a fall（跌倒后） and debt turned him towards writingII. Five Facts to be RememberedDefoe was a jackatalltrades萬事皆通, who developed his interests largely with the working classes.◆ He was a radical Nonconformist (非國教)in religion, and was intended by his father for the independent ministry牧師職位 .◆ Defoe was a journalist and pamphleteer. Be good at making “good story”◆ Defoe knew prison life.◆ At the age of nearly 60, he turned to fiction and wrote the great work by which he is best remembered. Robinson Crusoe earned him good reputation and fortune as well. His works? 1701: “The True Born Englishman”? 1703: Pilloried for writing “The Shortest Way with Dissenters.”? 1719: First volume of Robinson Crusoe. ( A hit with lower and middle classes. Based on the experience of Alexander Selkirk).? 1722: Moll Flanders. A novel that draws on his own experience in Newgate prison.? Other works：Captain Singleton, Colonel Jacque and Roxana. They clearly manifest Defoe39。費(fèi)爾南德斯off the coast of Chile and who had been lived there in solitude for five years. However, Defoe himself didn’t acknowledge this resource. The Major Points in Robinson Crusoe◆ setting (time) From 1659 to 1694◆ setting (place) York, England。 then Sallee, North Africa。 then a deserted island off Trinidad。 then Lisbon。 then England。 perseverant。 practical He is no flashy浮華的 hero or grand epic adventurer, He does not boast of his courage in quelling平息 the mutiny叛變, and he is always ready to admit unheroic feelings of fear or panic, as when he finds the footprint on the beach. Crusoe prefers to depict himself as an ordinary sensible man, never as an exceptional無以倫比的 hero. (survival instincts ) Character analysis? The character Robinson is not mon sailor. He is a businessman who takes overseas business as his cause.? Robinson is a bourgeoisie with adventurous spirit, and practical spirit. ? Robinson is bourgeoisie of colonizing character. ? A. white/ nonwhite。s Robinson Crusoe was one of the forerunners先驅(qū) of the English realistic novel.? Adventures of Robinson Crusoe：The book is an expression of the bourgeois qualities of individualism and private enterprise. Robinson is a new man a man sure of himself and sure of being able to establish himself anywhere in the world. He is a man of a new age, in which doubt and uncertainty are replaced by hope and confidence. Robinson is the enterpriser of his age. He is ready to mand nature, his enemy, and to found his colony beyond the seas. He is a merchantadventurer, interested in material profits. He is a colonist, the empire builder.? Defoe was a typical man of the eighteenth century English middle class, hardworking, ingenious, liberal in mind and advanced in opinion. He valued the Puritan ethic and belied掩飾 in diligence and selfreliance. All his life, he was busy, speculative and active. He, like Robinson, is a man whose personal pride would never allow him to belie his own background and class. His works are reflections of the belief, strength, weakness, interest, and morals of the bourgeois middle class to which he belonged. ? He was very sympathetic with those poor and less fortunate and did everything he could to reach them and help them. He was among the first writers ever to give concern to the problems of the social outcast. 流浪者 . 1. ______ has been regarded as the father of the novel.B. Daniel DefoeD. Samuel Richardson2. In addition to The Life and Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, Defoe also wrote ______. B. Pamela D. Moll Flanders3. Which of the following is not taken into consideration when Robinson Crusoe looks for a place to set up his tent: ______. B. shelter from the heat of the sun D. a view to the sea4. Robinson Crusoe set foot upon the island in ______ of 1659. B. summer D. winterJonathan Swift喬納森p?stjum?s] child (遺腹子), was born in Dublin, Ireland, of an Englis