【正文】 析史詩《貝武奧甫》中頭韻、抑言陳述手法的運用。 the soldiers are called shieldmen。 humanbody is referred to as the bone house” 。 monster is referred to as souldestroyer. Literary terms: ? Alliteration: a repeated initial consonant to successive words. . his kin the kindest, keenest for praise. a song of southern singer ? Epic : It is, originally, an oral narrative poem, majestic both in theme and style. Epics deal with legendary or historical events of national or universal significance, involving action of broad sweep and grandeur. Typically, an epic includes several features: the introduction of supernatural forces that shape the action。 and stylistic conventions such as an invocation to the Muse, and set speeches couched in elevated language. They summarize and express the nature or ideals of an entire nation at a significant or crucial period of its history. Eg: Iliad 《伊利亞特》， Odyssey《奧德賽》 Paradise Lost 《失樂園》， The Divine Comedy《神曲》。 教學重點： 1．中世紀英國文學的總體特征；傳奇、民謠的特點； 2．《高文爵士和綠衣騎士》的主題、母題分析； 3．羅賓漢民謠分析； 4．威廉?朗格蘭及《農(nóng)夫皮爾斯》介紹； 5．喬叟的《坎特伯雷 故事集》分析，喬叟的文學貢獻； 6．英語詩歌知識介紹。 教學方法： 教師講授、學生報告和課堂討論相結(jié)合 教授內(nèi)容： ? Medieval period() Historical Background (what is the most important event in this period?) 1. The Norman Conquest In 1066, at the battle of Hastings, William, the energetic Duke of Normandy, defeated the AngloSaxons and became the King of England. 2. The Consequence of the Conquest ? Politically, a feudal system and a centralized government was established in England . ? Religiously, the Romebacked Catholic Church had a much stronger control over the country. ? Great changes took place in languages: the Norman lords spoke French。 Latin became the principal tongue of church affairs and was used by the clergymen and scholars. ( As a result, many terms employed by the Normans were adopted into English language.) ? Normans brought to England their own literature. Ⅱ . Medieval English Literature ? brief survey: ? The period, from 1066 up to the mid14th century, is almost a barren period in literary creation. In the second half of the 14th century, English literature starts to flourish. In parison with Old English literature, Middle English literature is uttered by more voices, deals with a wider range of subjects and is in a greater diversity of styles, tones and genres. ? Romance is the most prevailing kind of literature. Popular ballad occupies an important position. ? The Middle English literature reflects the principles of the medieval Christian doctrine and emphasizes the humanity of Christ and the imagery of human passion. ? 2. Medieval Romance 1)The features of Romance ? a)The romance was a long position, sometimes in verse, sometimes in prose, describing the life and adventures of a noble hero. ? b)Hero: usually the knight, a man of noble birth, skilled in the use of weapons, who sets out on a journey to acplish some goal to protect the church and the king, to attack infidelity, to rescue a maiden, to meet a challenge, or to obey a knightly mand. ? c)The structure is loose and episodic。Arthur (Death of Arthur) . ? Malory39。s chief literary interest in the last 14 years of his life was The Canterbury Tales, his masterpiece. Chaucer had reached full maturity in his literary creation, free from any dominant foreign influence. Ⅲ . The Canterbury Tales 1. The Framework ? The framework here refers to a narrative, which is posed for the purpose of introducing and connecting a series of tales. ? Chaucer39。s. But Chaucer had actually pleted only 22 stories, with two more existing in fragments. 2. The General Prologue ? The General Prologue is usually regarded as the greatest portrait gallery in English literature. The purpose of the General Prologue is not only to present a vivid collection of character sketches, but also tries to reveal the author39。s love of Venus (natural love). ? pilgrimage is also treated as an event in the calendar of divinity, an aspect of religious piety which draws pilgrims to holy places. ? structure of this opening passage can be regarded as one from the whole Western tradition of the celebration of spring to a local event of English society, from natural forces in their general operation to a specific Christian manifestation. transition from nature to divinity is emphasized by contrast between the physical vitality which conditions the pilgrimage and the spiritual sickness which occasions the pilgrimage, as well as by parallelism between the renewal power of nature and the restorative power of supernature (divinity).. 5. It is a model of narrative pression, with an 18line periodic sentence that poses of a subordinate clause (line 111) of 79 words and a main clause (line 12 18) of 49 words, expressing the essential idea of the whole work. IV． Contributions ? 1. Forerunner of Humanism ? Chaucer affirms men’s and women’s right to pursue earthly happiness and opposed asceticism (avoiding physical pleasures and forts). He praises man’s energy, intellect, quick wit and love of life and he exposes and satirizes the social vices, including the corruption of the Church. ? 2. The founder of English Realism ? Chaucer, for the first time in English literature, presents to the readers a prehensive realistic picture of the English society of his time and describes a series of vivid characters from all walks of life in The Canterbury Tales. ? 3. Father of English poetry (called by John Dryden) ? Chaucer introduces from France the rhymed stanzas of various types to English poetry to replace the old English alliterative verse. He’s the first to use the rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter, which is to be called the heroic couplet. Thus, he lays the foundation of the En