【正文】 His production of so much excellent poetry is an important factor in establishing English as the literary language of the country. Chaucer uses London dialect in his writings and he contributes to making it the foundation for modern English speech. Knowledge of poetry I. Rhythm(韻律 ) : a word or part of a word which contains one vowel sound(元音 ). 2. Stress: a word or part of a word which should be pronounced with more force. 3. Rhythm: In English, words of two syllables always contain one that is stressed syllable and one that is unstressed。 Latin became the principal tongue of church affairs and was used by the clergymen and scholars. ( As a result, many terms employed by the Normans were adopted into English language.) ? Normans brought to England their own literature. Ⅱ . Medieval English Literature ? brief survey: ? The period, from 1066 up to the mid14th century, is almost a barren period in literary creation. In the second half of the 14th century, English literature starts to flourish. In parison with Old English literature, Middle English literature is uttered by more voices, deals with a wider range of subjects and is in a greater diversity of styles, tones and genres. ? Romance is the most prevailing kind of literature. Popular ballad occupies an important position. ? The Middle English literature reflects the principles of the medieval Christian doctrine and emphasizes the humanity of Christ and the imagery of human passion. ? 2. Medieval Romance 1)The features of Romance ? a)The romance was a long position, sometimes in verse, sometimes in prose, describing the life and adventures of a noble hero. ? b)Hero: usually the knight, a man of noble birth, skilled in the use of weapons, who sets out on a journey to acplish some goal to protect the church and the king, to attack infidelity, to rescue a maiden, to meet a challenge, or to obey a knightly mand. ? c)The structure is loose and episodic。 monster is referred to as souldestroyer. Literary terms: ? Alliteration: a repeated initial consonant to successive words. . his kin the kindest, keenest for praise. a song of southern singer ? Epic : It is, originally, an oral narrative poem, majestic both in theme and style. Epics deal with legendary or historical events of national or universal significance, involving action of broad sweep and grandeur. Typically, an epic includes several features: the introduction of supernatural forces that shape the action。蒲柏 The Rape of the Lock《卷發(fā)遇劫記》 教學(xué)目的： 1．了解古英語(yǔ)文學(xué)的概況； 2．掌握古英語(yǔ)詩(shī)歌的特點(diǎn)。弗蘭德斯》 ? Jonathan Swift 喬納森 教授內(nèi)容： A Brief Introduction to English Literature 1. Old English Literature（ . ~ 1066） 1） History background： The making of the England: Jutes, Angles and Saxons invaded Albion and bined into one United Kingdomthe England. Their dialects gradually grew into a single language called AngloSaxon, or Old English. The transition from tribal society to feudalism 2) Main literature: poetry 3) Main writers: Caedmon, Cynewulf, Venerable Bede and Alfred the Great. 4) Main work: The Song of Beowulf 貝奧武甫 2. Medieval English Literature (106615th century) 1） History background： Feudal system was established Roman Catholic Church controlled over the country. 2) Main literature: poetry, Romance, Popular ballad 3) Main writers and their works: Geoffrey Chaucer 杰弗里 英國(guó)文學(xué)教案教學(xué)目的 ： 使學(xué)生了解英國(guó)文學(xué)這門課的性質(zhì)、學(xué)習(xí)方法、學(xué)習(xí)要求等； 使學(xué)生知道什么是文學(xué) 以及各種文學(xué)形式 。喬叟 The Canterbury Tales 《坎特伯雷故事集》 William Langland 威廉 斯威夫特 Gulliver’ s Travels 《格列佛游記》 ? Henry Fielding 菲爾丁 Tom Jones《湯姆 教學(xué)重點(diǎn)： 1．古英語(yǔ)詩(shī)歌的分類及特征； 2．史詩(shī)《貝武奧甫》及寫作特點(diǎn)； 3．英語(yǔ)修辭手法頭韻、抑言陳述。 conflict in the form of battles or other physical forces bat。 the language and style are simple and straightforward. ? d)It was written for the noble class, so it had nothing to do with the mon people. ? e)It exaggerates the vices of human nature and idealizes the virtues. ? f)It contains perilous adventures more or less remote from ordinary life, even describes supernatural things. 2) Romance Cycles Romances falls into three cycles : 1)“matters of Britain”( adventures of King Arthur and his knights of the Round Table), 2) “matters of France” (Emperor Charlemagne and his peers) 3)“matters of Rome”. (Alexander the Great and so forth) 3) Sir Gawain and the Green Knight ? It is a verse romance of 2530 lines, derived from Celtic legend. ? A. Story: ? B. Analysis:1) alliterative verse 2) an account of a typical chivalric adventure (motifs) 3) concerned with the rights and wrongs of conduct 4) Its theme is a series of tests on faith, courage, purity and human weakness for selfpreservation. 5) structure: contains a prologue, an epilogue and its main ) the unknown author tries to make his romance the vehicle of a wise morality in which the humorously grotesque merges with the morally serious. 3 Popular Ballads ? 1) Introduction: ? Popular ballads are originally dance songs in verse form, usually in 4line stanzas, with the second and fourth lines rhymed. ? They are mainly literature of peasants, created collectively by people and constantly revised in the process of being handed down from mouth to mouth. ? There were several kinds of ballads: historical, legendary, fantastical, lyrical and humorous. ? 2) Ballads of Robin Hood ? The most famous cycle of English ballads centers on the stories about a legendary outlaw called Robin Hood. Robin Hood is partly a real and partly a legendary figure who lived during the reign of Richard I. He was the leader of a band of outlaws, and they lived in the deep forest. They often attacked the rich, waged war against the bishops and archbishops, and helped the poor people. Therefore, Robi