【正文】 ine 齒輪切削機(jī)床 65. the special metal removal methods 特種加工 66. the electrical discharge machining 電火花加工 67. the operating mechanisms of the shaper 牛頭刨床的操作機(jī)構(gòu) 68. the mechanically driven shaper 機(jī)械傳動牛頭刨床 69. the infinitely variable cutting speeds 平滑調(diào)整切削速度 70. the upright drilling machines 立式鉆床 71. the radial drilling machines 搖臂鉆床 72. the plain radial drilling machines 平面 搖臂鉆床 73. the multispindle drilling machine 多軸鉆床 74. the telescoping splined shaft 花鍵軸的伸縮 75. an knee and column type of milling machine 銑床的升降臺式 76. Fixedbed milling machines 固定床銑床 77. the hardened tool steel 淬硬工具鋼 78. a cylindrical grinding machine 外圓磨床 79. the new materialremoval methods 新型材料去除工 藝 四．翻譯下列句子 1. The simplest closedloop linkage is the fourbar linkage, which has three moving links (plus one fixed link) and four pin joints.（ 最簡單的封閉式的連桿機(jī)構(gòu)就是四桿機(jī)構(gòu)，四桿機(jī)構(gòu)有三個運動構(gòu)件（加上一個固定構(gòu)件）并且有四個銷軸。但是我們還看到，這些連桿機(jī)構(gòu)其性能水平的發(fā)揮已經(jīng)受到限制。 ） 4. The ability to visualize relative motion, to reason why a mechanism is designed the way it is, and the ability to improve on a particular design are marks of a successful kinematician.（ 設(shè)想相對運動的能力，能推想出之所以這樣設(shè)計一個機(jī)構(gòu)的原因和對一個具體設(shè)計進(jìn)行改進(jìn)的能力是一個成功的機(jī)構(gòu)學(xué)家的標(biāo)志。） are three customary tasks for kinematic synthesis: function generation, path generation and motion generation.（ 對于運功的綜合，慣例上 有三個任務(wù) :函數(shù) 的生成 、軌跡生成和運動生成 。 2. In the case of a disk cam with a radial (inline) translating roller follower the smallest circle that can be drawn tangent to the cam surface and concentric with the camshaft is the base circle. 對于一個對心直動滾子從動件盤形凸輪，可畫出的與凸輪表面相切且與輪軸同心的最小圓是基圓 譯文 P40 [1] 3. Numerous applications in automatic machinery require intermittent motion. A typical example will call for a risedwellreturn and perhaps another dwell period of a specified number of degrees each, together with a required follower displacement measured in centimeters or degrees. 在自動化機(jī)械中的許多應(yīng)用需要間歇運動。 譯文 P40 [2] 4． Any two mating tooth profiles that satisfy the fundamental law of gearing are called conjugate profiles. 任何滿足齒輪傳動基本定律的一對相互嚙合齒廓稱之為共軛齒廓。 6. Typical methods of fastening and joining parts include the use of such items as bolts, nuts, cap screws, setscrews, rivets, locking devices and keys. 緊固和聯(lián)結(jié)零部件的典型方法包含使用這些零件：螺栓，螺母，有頭螺釘、定位螺釘，鉚釘，鎖緊裝置和鍵。 8. When a connection is desired which can be disassembled without destructing the parts assembled and which is strong enough to resist both external tensile load and shear load, or a bination of these, then the simple bolted joint using hardened washers is a good solution. 當(dāng)想要一個可以被拆開又不破壞被聯(lián)接零件的聯(lián)接時，而且這個聯(lián)接又要有足夠的強(qiáng)度以承受外拉力和剪力或這兩種力的結(jié)合，使用淬火墊圈的簡單螺栓聯(lián)結(jié)是一個很好的方法。 10. The term antifriction bearing is used to describe that class of bearing in which the main load is transferred through elements in rolling contact rather than in sliding contact. 減摩軸承這個詞被用于描述這樣一類軸承，其主要載荷是通過滾動接觸而不是滑動接觸的元件傳遞的． 11. It is this gradual engagement of the teeth and the smooth transfer of load from one tooth to another, which give helical gears the ability to transmit heavy loads at high speeds． 正是螺旋齒輪，從一個齒到另一個齒的逐漸嚙合和載荷的平穩(wěn)傳遞，給了螺旋齒輪在高速下傳遞重載荷的能力． 12. A shaft is a rotating or stationary member, usually of circular cross section, having mounted upon it such elements as gears, pulleys, flywheels, cranks, sprockets, and other powertransmission elements. 軸是一個固定或轉(zhuǎn)動的零件，通常是圓截面的，在它上面安裝了如齒輪，帶輪，飛輪，曲柄，鏈輪等零件和其他動力傳遞零件． 13. Roughing, for which the metal removal rate, and consequently the cutting force, is high, but the required dimensional accuracy relatively low. 粗加工，通常金屬切削率和切削力高，但所要求的尺寸精度相對低。 15. Upright drilling machines or drill presses are available in a variety of sizes and types, and are equipped with a sufficient range of spindle speeds and automatic feeds to fit the needs of most industries. 立式鉆床或鉆孔壓力機(jī)，具有各種各樣的尺寸和類型，為了適合大多數(shù)工業(yè)的需求，這些機(jī)床都裝配有充足的軸速范圍和自動進(jìn)給量。 17. Antifriction bearings are used in a great variety of products, toys, household products, refrigerators, roller stakes, garage doors, trucks, industrial machinery, dental equipments and guided missiles, for example. 減摩軸承使用在各種各樣的產(chǎn)品中，例如：玩具，家用產(chǎn)品，電冰箱，軋輥座，汽車門，卡車，工業(yè)機(jī)械，牙醫(yī)設(shè)備和導(dǎo)彈等等。 19. Although positive clutches are not used to the extent of the frictionalcontact type, they do have important applications [3] where synchronous operation is required. 雖然強(qiáng)制接觸離合器不像摩擦離合器用得那么廣泛，但 在需要同步操作時，它們確實有著非常重要的應(yīng)用。 21. Machines using multipoint cutting tools include: (1) drilling machines, (2) milling machines, (3) broaching machines, (4) sawing machines, (5) gearcutting machines. 使用多刃切削刀具的機(jī)床包括： (1)鉆床， (2)銑床， (3)拉床， (4)鋸床， (5)齒輪切削機(jī)床。 23. The problem of the specialist in mechanical design is not how to design a rolling bearing but, rather, how to select one. 在機(jī)械設(shè)計中，專家所面臨的問題，不是如何設(shè)計軸承，而是如何挑選軸承。 五．翻譯下列短文 kinematic chain is a system of links, that is, rigid bodies, which are either jointed together or are in contact with one another in a manner that permits them to move relative to one another. If one of the links is fixed and the movement of any other link to a new position will cause each of the other links to move to definite predictable position, the system is a constrained kinematic chain. If one of the links is held fixed and the movement of any other link to a new position will not cause each of the other links to move to a definite predictable position, then the system is an unconstrained kinematic chain. （ 運動鏈?zhǔn)且粋€構(gòu)件系統(tǒng)裝置即若干個剛體，它們或者彼此鉸接或者互相接觸，方式上是允許它們彼此間產(chǎn)生相對運動。如果 構(gòu)件中的某一構(gòu)件仍保持固定而使任一運動到達(dá)一新的位置而不會使其他各個構(gòu)件運動到一個確定的預(yù)期的位置上的話，則該系統(tǒng)裝置是一個非約束運動鏈。 a structure does not. Since linkages make simple mechanisms and can be designed to perform plex tasks, such as nonlinear motion and force transmission, they will receive much attention in mechanism study. （ 機(jī)構(gòu)或連桿構(gòu)件是一個可約束的傳動鏈而且是一個從輸入到輸出以傳遞運動和（或）力為目的的機(jī)械裝置。這樣的運動鏈在至少有一個構(gòu)件被固定的條件下：（ 1）如果 至少有兩個構(gòu)件能保持運動，就變?yōu)?機(jī)構(gòu)，（ 2）如果沒有一個構(gòu)件能夠運動，則就成為結(jié)構(gòu)。由于連桿機(jī)構(gòu)做成一簡單機(jī)構(gòu)而且能設(shè)定實現(xiàn)復(fù)雜的任務(wù)，例如非線性運動和力的傳遞運動。