【正文】 sident took over president the position. First vice president when mounts one of American president throne39。s Congress elects the production by the Democratic Party and Republican Party39。s political qualifications and records of service and the condition, but mainly looked that which part of influences he does represent in the party in order to obtain balanced, strives for the most majority voter39。s choice, but is decided by the presidential candidate. in 1988 American election period, many Americans thought that Republican Presidential candidate Bush running mate Quayle is too young, not experienced, is not worth considering, but thought that Democratic presidential candidate Duka Kiess running mate Bentseen the rich experience, is highly popular. But the election results, Bush won works as president, Quayle has bee naturally also vice president. 　　Vice president the candidate usually is member of national assembly, but the senator is chosen candidate39。s relation. 　　Moreover, in the presidential election date, the voter must carry on Senate and the House of Representatives in the federal scope elects. According to the US in 1787 constitution, two courtyard congressmen by various states voter direct election production. Senate has congressman 100, the tenure in office 6 years, every two years reelects 1/3. House of Representatives congressman 435, the tenure in office two years, after expiring, reelect pletely. 　　American presidential election first stage preelection 　　The American presidential election process once every four years is long and is plex, mainly includes the preelection, various parties to convene the National People39。s prelude. This stage usually starts in presidential year in February, finished to June. The innerparty preelection overwhelming majority is holds on Tuesday. In the preelection stage, the US democratic, republican Twoparty will select representative who separately in national majority states participates in this party the National People39。s state mittees or the state Representative assembly participates in this party the National People39。s presidential candidate on party convention. Therefore, the preelection in fact is to presidential candidate qualifications contention.　　各州的預選制度是１９０２年以后才逐漸發(fā)展起來的。前者是指兩黨在各州自下而上，從選舉點、縣、選區(qū)到州逐級召開代表會議，最終選出本黨參加全國代表大會的代表。 　　“初選”在形式上如同普選，一個州的兩黨選民在同一天到投票站投票選出各自出席本黨全國代表大會（提名大會）的“承諾代表”（或譯為“宣誓代表”，須在全國黨代表大會即提名大會前宣誓，以地方意愿作為投票依歸），并表示支持本黨的某一競選人。目前，美國大多數(shù)州都采用這種形式的預選。兩黨“承諾代表”的名額和分配機制有所不同。共和黨在一部分州按競選人支持率來分配代表數(shù)額，在其他州則執(zhí)行“勝者全得”的規(guī)定。他們主要是黨內(nèi)知名人士，如黨的全國委員會成員、參議員或州長以及黨派領導人等；他們并非經(jīng)由初選表決推舉，可以在黨代會前不承諾支持某位候選人。兩黨競選人如要確保贏得總統(tǒng)候選人提名，至少需要獲得全國黨代會半數(shù)以上代表的支持。在２００８年４０４９個代表名額中，３２５３個產(chǎn)生于州預選，其余７９６個“超級代表”則由民主黨全國委員會成員、民主黨參議員或州長以及黨派領導人自動獲得。After various states39。s Congress. The latter formally is similar to a general election, a state39。s Congress, this is the preelection way which majority states use at present. 　　“the primary election” formally is similar to a general election, a state39。s Congress (nomination congress) “the pledge in the same day to the polling booth voting to represent” (or translates is “takes an oath represents”, must be nomination congress takes an oath before nation Party congress, takes voting being converted to by place wish), and indicated that supports this party39。s Congress “the pledge to represent”, they take will choose in advance the result as the bases, pledged that will support this party39。s support level to assign respectively represents the amount. Republican Party according to campaigns for the person support level in part of states to assign represents the amount, carries out “the victor in other states entire” the stipulation. Besides “the pledge represents”, joins party convention also to include minority “the pledge not to represent” (the Democratic Party saying that “super represents”). They are mainly the innerparty celebrities, like party39。 They by way of the primary election vote remendation, may before party convention not pledge that by no means supports some candidate. 　　The weight campaigns for person39。s support at least. 　　In the Democratic Party aspect, various states have certain representative the quota of people, the candidate may act according to the preelection the voter support level obtain corresponding representative the amount. 4049 represent in the quota of people in 2008, 3253 produce in the state preelection, other 796 “super represent” by the Democratic National Committee members, the Democratic senators or governor as well as the parties and groups leader obtains automatically. At the end of August at the nomination congress which holds in Denver, obtains campaign person who above 2025 represents the support on behalf of Democratic Party presidential bid. 　　在共和黨方面，有的州像民主黨一樣按參選者的支持率來分配代表數(shù)額，有的則是執(zhí)行“勝者全得”的規(guī)定（如新澤西、紐約、弗吉尼亞等１５個州）。還有４６３名“未承諾代表”，其中１２３人屬于共和黨全國委員會成員，最終獲得１１９１名以上代表支持的參選者將獲勝。在預選階段，一個州的面積大小和人口多寡與該州對整個選情的影響力并不成正比，而最重要的是預選日期——往往日期越