【正文】 義而定、 Such is Stephen Hawking，who has suffered a great deal but achieved so much． 這就是史蒂芬?霍金，遭受著巨大痛苦而作出巨大成就的人。 ②集合名詞作主語 a．有些集體名詞，如people, cattle, police等形式上是單數(shù)，但意義上是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞需用復(fù)數(shù)。 b．集合名詞，如audience（觀眾），army, class, crew船員），pany（公司），crowd（人群），enemy, family, group, government(政府)，public (公眾)，population(人口),team(隊(duì)員)等作主語時(shí)，若作為一個(gè)整體看待，謂語用單數(shù)；若著眼于組成該集體的一個(gè)個(gè)成員或個(gè)體時(shí)，謂語就該用復(fù)數(shù)。 ③以復(fù)數(shù)形式結(jié)尾的特殊名詞作主語 a．以一ics結(jié)尾的表示學(xué)科名稱的名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù). Politics is taught in our school. 我們學(xué)校開設(shè)政治課。 Lu Xun39。 c．有些名詞如。 d. means , sheep , (leer, crossroad、等單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞根據(jù)其單復(fù)數(shù)而定 Each means has been tried to solve the problem，but none is effective. 每一種方法都試過，但沒有一個(gè)是有效的。若帶有單位詞，則由單位詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。 Your glasses are on your nose．你的眼鏡在鼻子上。 This pair of shoes is made in Beijing．這雙鞋子是北京制造的。 b. a number of39。 The number of people who travel by plane in China is larger than ever before． 在中國乘飛機(jī)旅行的人數(shù)比以往多了。 d. some, plenty of39。 A lot of work is to be done to prepare for the conference. 為了準(zhǔn)備會(huì)議，還有很多工作要做。 Quantities of money are needed to equip the school. A quantity of story books has been bought for the children. 為孩子們買了大量的故事書： e. a great/ good deal( of)，a little，quite a little，a large amount( of）等修飾不可數(shù)名詞的量詞作主語或修飾的名詞作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞只能用單數(shù)形式 A great deal of time was wasted playing but ought to have been fully used． 很多時(shí)間在玩耍中浪費(fèi)掉了，但本應(yīng)好好利用的 f. more than one十單數(shù)名詞”盡管意義上是復(fù)數(shù)，但因中心詞是單數(shù)形式，謂語也必須用單數(shù)以符合語法一致的原則在“more＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞＋than one”結(jié)構(gòu)之后，謂語常用復(fù)數(shù)． More than one person was injured in the accident. 不止一人在這次事故中受傷－ More members than one are against the proposal. 反對(duì)這項(xiàng)提議的會(huì)員不止一個(gè) g. one or two +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù) One or two students were planting trees yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午有一兩個(gè)學(xué)生在植樹 h．表示時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格、度量衡的復(fù)數(shù)名詞與pass, go by，waste, use, spend等詞連用時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù) Five years have passed since I joined the Party．我入黨五年了 i. one or two 后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語要用復(fù)數(shù)但在“a/an十單數(shù)名詞＋or two”結(jié)構(gòu)之后，謂語卻常用單數(shù) One or two days are enough for this work.=A day or two is enough for this work. 干這活一兩天就夠了( of…）等詞或短語作主語和它們所修飾的名詞或代詞作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)根據(jù)主語所表達(dá)的單復(fù)數(shù)而定 Part of his story was not true．他講的故事有一部分不是真的。s surface is made up of vast oceans． 這是因?yàn)榈厍虮砻娣e的2/3是由廣闊的海洋構(gòu)成的 Two thirds of these tasks have been pleted. 這些任務(wù)已經(jīng)完成了三分之。 To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit. To work and to live are two different things but they are always together. 雖然工作和生活是兩件不同的事情，但是它們永遠(yuǎn)相伴 。t know about it． 不僅僅是學(xué)生，還有他們的老師都對(duì)此一無所知＿ The boy with his dog is here. 這個(gè)男孩在這兒，還有他的狗 No one but your parents was there then. 那時(shí)，除了你的父母沒有別人在那里 Tom，together with Mary and Alice，is going to swim this afternoon. 湯姆今天下午要和瑪麗及艾麗絲去游泳 The teacher，including his students，is going to see Professor Smith. 那位老師和他的學(xué)生們將去看望史密斯教授、 (5)由there , here引導(dǎo)的主語不止一個(gè)時(shí)，謂語通常和最鄰近的主語保持一致、 There is a lake and some hills around it. 它被一個(gè)湖和幾座刁、山環(huán)繞著、s newspaper isn39。 (7）在倒裝句中謂語應(yīng)與后面的主語保持一致。 (8)運(yùn)算數(shù)詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 Seven times four makes twentyeight. 7乘4等于?g (9）表示數(shù)量的“one and a half＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。 桌子上還剩有一個(gè)半香蕉。 六、知識(shí)*能力聚焦 1. off prep.＆adv．離開，分開 （1）prep. The hall rolled off the table．球從桌上滾落 Keep off the grass．勿踐踏草地 He entered a big house off the high street. 他進(jìn)入了一所離大街不遠(yuǎn)的大房子。 〔常用短語〕 take sth. off sth. 扣除，減去 fall off 跌落 I was faced with new problem．我面臨著新的M題 〔常用短語〕 in( the) face of不顧（問題、困難等） lose one39。 face the music 由于自己的決定或行為而接受批評(píng)或承擔(dān)后果 3. range n. amp。 The tree is within range of39。v. ( 1 )n. 圖樣，設(shè)計(jì)，圖案；目的，意向 This is a design for the garden. 這是那座花園的設(shè)計(jì)圖 We don39。 His evil designs were frustrated. 他的罪惡意圖未能得逞 (2) v．設(shè)計(jì)，控制 She is designing dresses for the singer. 她在為這位歌手設(shè)計(jì)服裝 refer to 意思是“提到，談到，涉及，衣考，查閱” refer to sb. /sth. as 意為“稱某人/某物為……”，to是介詞，不可省略 be referred to( as） 是refer to的被動(dòng)式，意思是“把......稱作” When f was saying that I wasn39。vi．比較，對(duì)照；比作 He cannot pare with Shakespeare as a writer of tragedies. 作為一個(gè)悲劇作家，他無法和莎士比亞相比 pare... with意為“把......與……進(jìn)行比較／相比” pare... to... 意為“把……比作......”，含“比喻”之意 pare with sb. /sth．意為‘和某人或某事物相比或值得相比” It39。ll which is better. 把這個(gè)同那個(gè)比較，你就知道哪個(gè)更好了 He began paring himself pith the students. 他開始把自己和學(xué)生比較起來 Young people are often pared to the rising still. 年輕人常被比作初升的大陽 The writer of the poem pares his loser to a rose. 詩的作者把他的愛人比作玫瑰。 This hardship is nothing，pared to/with those the Red Army faced on the Long March. What percentage of babies died of39。d like to pay you a visit next week. 下周我打算拜訪你。d like me to look after his pet dog. 他愿意讓我照看他的寵物狗。d like to have gone with you，but I was busy then. 我本打算同你一起去的，但當(dāng)時(shí)我很忙。vt. (1) n. 檢查，核對(duì)；發(fā)票，支票 We should have a check on the quality of all goods leaving the factory. 我們應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)全部貨物在出廠前進(jìn)行質(zhì)量檢查ve lost the check for my coat. 我把大衣的發(fā)票弄丟了 I always pay bills by check．我總是用支票付賬 (2) vt. 阻止，制止，控制；核查；調(diào)查；托運(yùn)或寄存 Will you please check these figures? 請(qǐng)檢查這些數(shù)字有無錯(cuò)誤好嗎？ Check your coat at the door. 把你的外套寄存在入口處、 〔辮析〕check，examine，test check指核對(duì)，核實(shí)，特別是對(duì)數(shù)量或質(zhì)量加以驗(yàn)證； examine著重指檢查、研討及審查； test指測(cè)驗(yàn)、檢驗(yàn)、測(cè)試一個(gè)人的某種能力 Please check in at the airport an hour before your plane leaves． 你要在飛機(jī)起飛前一個(gè)小時(shí)到機(jī)場(chǎng)辦理登機(jī)手續(xù)。 I39。 11. across prep.（表示運(yùn)動(dòng)）橫過，越過，（表示位置）在……的對(duì)面 The old man walked across the road. 那個(gè)老人小心地走過馬路 He lives across the street from us. 他住在我們對(duì)面的大街上 A boy helped a blind man across the street. 一個(gè)小男孩幫助一位盲人過馬路 [辮析] across，past，throughacross作介詞還可表示“在……討過”；作副詞表示“對(duì)過”或“橫過”。 We walked past the hospital.＝We passed by the hospital. 我們從醫(yī)院旁邊經(jīng)過 through表示“通過，穿過”，它的含義與in有關(guān)，側(cè)重動(dòng)作在某一物體空間里進(jìn)行，含有從中間通過之意。 The ship sailed across the Atlantic. 這只船橫渡過了大西洋 She is talking to the neighbour across the garden fence. 她正隔著籬笆與鄰居說話： He was absentminded and walked past the station. 他走路時(shí)心不在焉而走過了車站。 12. in the south of, to the south of與on the south of in the south of 在...... 的南邊（部），通常指某一范圍之內(nèi)； to the south of 在……在南邊，強(qiáng)調(diào)越出了某一范圍； on the south of 在...... 南面，強(qiáng)調(diào)兩者毗部，接攘。 China faces the Pacific on the east．中國東臨太平洋。 〔注意〕我們只有籠統(tǒng)地指明方向時(shí)，可以不出現(xiàn)介詞。 13. cover v．蓋，掩蓋；行過（路程）；報(bào)道；讀 n．蓋子，封面，封底，包皮 〔常用短語〕 cover sth． 蓋住…… cover... with 用……蓋住…… cover 30 pages 讀三十頁 be covered with... 用……覆蓋 cover an area of… 占地面積為，??… cover 2,000 li 走了兩千里 cover a conference 報(bào)道會(huì)議 unde