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2025-05-24 12:17本頁(yè)面
【正文】 cured tobacco grown mainly in Kentucky白肋煙 TextIn 2005, tobacco will be produced and marketed without price support for the first time since 1939. Price schedules will reflect an emphasis on quality, with deep discounts for unripe and immature grades. In the postbuyout environment, profitability will be directly related to the marketing of quality tobacco produced at the lowest cost. A number of management practices affect tobacco quality. Some of the most important are as follows: 在2005年，煙草將自1939年以來(lái)第一次在沒(méi)有價(jià)格支持下生產(chǎn)和銷售。在后煙草配額買斷的環(huán)境下，利潤(rùn)將直接與以最低成本生產(chǎn)的優(yōu)質(zhì)煙草的銷售相關(guān)。隨著氮用量的增加，將會(huì)出現(xiàn)以下情況： ●產(chǎn)量增加到一定值，然后下降?！裨谡{(diào)制后葉片中，總生物堿、煙堿增加，糖減少。 ●調(diào)制后葉片變黑。 ●殘傷增加。 ●天蛾幼蟲(chóng)和蚜蟲(chóng)的蟲(chóng)口增加。然而，數(shù)據(jù)表明：在美國(guó)東南部，氮肥的施用量和施用時(shí)間比側(cè)施肥料更重要。后期施用延遲煙葉成熟，導(dǎo)致雜色未熟等級(jí)的產(chǎn)生。如果煙株在現(xiàn)蕾期后三周不打頂，則每天每英畝減少產(chǎn)量20～25磅，或者在正常產(chǎn)量在每英畝2000～2500磅的范圍內(nèi)時(shí)每天減少l％的產(chǎn)量。早打頂還通過(guò)刺激根系的發(fā)育、生物堿的生成以及減少害蟲(chóng)的危害而提高煙葉的化學(xué)和物理品質(zhì)。腋芽也會(huì)妨礙機(jī)械采收并成為調(diào)制后煙葉中雜質(zhì)的一個(gè)重要來(lái)源。Harvest Rate and RipenessWhen it es to quality, there is no substitute for harvesting ripe tobacco. The ripening rate is determined by nitrogen uptake, rainfall, temperature, root health, and variety. Thus, ripening is greatly affected by weather conditions and varies considerably from one season to another. The 2002 versus 2003 and 2004 growing seasons were at opposite extremes. The 2002 season was one of the driest seasons on record, with 2003 and 2004 among the wettest.采收速率和成熟度從煙葉品質(zhì)方面考慮，沒(méi)有比采收成熟煙葉更重要的了。因此，成熟受氣候條件影響很大，季節(jié)之間差異很大。2002季節(jié)是歷史上最干旱的季節(jié)之一，2003和2004則是降雨量最大的兩個(gè)季節(jié)。在2003～2004年，煙葉成熟很慢，但由于過(guò)多的降雨，煙葉質(zhì)量很快下降。The variety data collected in the 2002 through 2004 holding ability tests are shown in Figures 81, 82, and 83. The study was designed to measure the ripening rate and holding ability by pleting the final harvest at various stages of ripeness. The first and second primings were pleted at normal times. However, the third (final) priming was made at the following times: 在20022004年耐熟能力試驗(yàn)中收集的品種數(shù)據(jù)見(jiàn)圖8l、82和8—3。第一次和第二次采摘是在正常時(shí)間完成。 treatment 2, 10 days later than treatment 1 (ripe tobacco)。 treatment 4, 30 days later than treatment 1。這樣，煙葉在輕微未熟(處理1)到比成熟的最早時(shí)期晚30天的時(shí)間內(nèi)進(jìn)行采收(處理5)。但是它能很好地表明各個(gè)品種在大田里耐熟的程度。然而，品種間在損失的量上差異顯著。 and from $ to $ in 2003. Even though weather conditions in 2002 and 2003 were quite different, the trends in quality were the same. Therefore, when it es to quality, there is no substitute for harvesting ripe tobacco. 從質(zhì)量上看，有一點(diǎn)值得重視，即：隨著采摘從提前7天(未熟)—推遲到成熟后10或20天，每磅的價(jià)格幾乎總是上漲。雖然2002年和2003年的天氣情況差別很大，但是質(zhì)量的變化趨勢(shì)是一樣的。 Leaf Separation by Stalk PositionThe American blend cigarette is posed of several types of tobacco including fluecured, burley, and Oriental tobacco. Cigarettes are
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