農(nóng)業(yè)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)知識(shí)-預(yù)覽頁(yè)
【正文】 。 ●天蛾幼蟲和蚜蟲的蟲口增加。后期施用延遲煙葉成熟，導(dǎo)致雜色未熟等級(jí)的產(chǎn)生。早打頂還通過刺激根系的發(fā)育、生物堿的生成以及減少害蟲的危害而提高煙葉的化學(xué)和物理品質(zhì)。Harvest Rate and RipenessWhen it es to quality, there is no substitute for harvesting ripe tobacco. The ripening rate is determined by nitrogen uptake, rainfall, temperature, root health, and variety. Thus, ripening is greatly affected by weather conditions and varies considerably from one season to another. The 2002 versus 2003 and 2004 growing seasons were at opposite extremes. The 2002 season was one of the driest seasons on record, with 2003 and 2004 among the wettest.采收速率和成熟度從煙葉品質(zhì)方面考慮，沒有比采收成熟煙葉更重要的了。2002季節(jié)是歷史上最干旱的季節(jié)之一，2003和2004則是降雨量最大的兩個(gè)季節(jié)。The variety data collected in the 2002 through 2004 holding ability tests are shown in Figures 81, 82, and 83. The study was designed to measure the ripening rate and holding ability by pleting the final harvest at various stages of ripeness. The first and second primings were pleted at normal times. However, the third (final) priming was made at the following times: 在20022004年耐熟能力試驗(yàn)中收集的品種數(shù)據(jù)見圖8l、82和8—3。 treatment 2, 10 days later than treatment 1 (ripe tobacco)。這樣，煙葉在輕微未熟(處理1)到比成熟的最早時(shí)期晚30天的時(shí)間內(nèi)進(jìn)行采收(處理5)。然而，品種間在損失的量上差異顯著。雖然2002年和2003年的天氣情況差別很大，但是質(zhì)量的變化趨勢(shì)是一樣的。每一個(gè)部位的煙草對(duì)卷煙特征的貢獻(xiàn)是不同的，正確地混合不同類型煙草及其不同部位煙葉是生產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)卷煙和確保最終產(chǎn)品一致性的關(guān)鍵。 A tip grade describes certain styles of tobacco from the uppermost stalk positions (see Figure 1). Tip grades have specific characteristics that set them apart from the leaf and smoking leaf stalk grades. In recent years, many growers have bined smoking leaf, leaf, and tips into one harvest, which decreases the chance of that tobacco receiving a tip grade and also decreases the blending capabilities of the pany.頂葉等級(jí)有煙株最上部煙葉的風(fēng)格，具有能使之與上二棚葉和上部過熟葉的等級(jí)區(qū)分開的特別特征。Research was conducted from 2002 through 2004 to evaluate the effects of variety, nitrogen rate, topping height, and separation of the upperstalk tobacco at harvest on production of tip grades. The study included K 326, NC 71, and Speight 168 varieties and pared remended nitrogen rates to the remended rate plus 20 pounds of N and hightopping to normaltopping heights. 為了評(píng)估品種、氮用量、打頂高度和上部葉分次采收對(duì)生產(chǎn)頂葉等級(jí)的影響，從20022004年進(jìn)行了研究。When the top five to six leaves were kept separate from the rest of the plant and when they were ripe to overripe, they consistently received a tip grade. The nitrogen rate reduced tip grade production only when the high nitrogen rate resulted in greenish or green color grades. Variety had no influence on tip production at any location. 當(dāng)最上部56片口十與煙株上的其它葉片分開采收而且達(dá)到成熟或過熟時(shí)，它們總是進(jìn)入頂葉等級(jí)。該研究的初步數(shù)據(jù)表明，去除底部4片葉消除腳葉等級(jí)，去除底部8片葉消除腳葉和下部葉
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