【正文】 8. State the correct legal names of the parties in the first paragraph. As obvious as this is, it is one of the most mon problems in contracts. For individuals, include full first and last name, and middle initials if available, and other identifying information, if appropriate, such as Jr., ., etc. For corporations, check with the Secretary of State where incorporated.。如果是個人，要寫清姓和名,中間有大寫字母和其他身份信息的，也要注明，例如：jr.,等等；如果是公司，為避免弄錯，寫名稱時可以到公司注冊地的相應(yīng)機(jī)構(gòu)去核對一下。為便于閱讀，一般要在合同的第一段為雙方弄一個別稱，如：馬丁。除非一方當(dāng)事人在法定上就是承包人，否則不要將承包人作為其別稱。11. Include a blank for the date in the first paragraph. Putting the date in the first paragraph makes it easy to find after the contract is signed. It also makes it easy to describe the contract in other documents in a precise way, such as the December 20, 2000, Contract for Sale of Real Estate.。s reader (party, judge or jury) up to speed on what the contract is about, who the parties are, why they are signing a contract, etc. The first paragraph in the body of the contract can incorporate the recitals by reference and state that they are true and correct. This will avoid a later argument as to whether or not the recitals are a legally binding part of the contract.。書寫此類條款的目的是為了讓讀者（通常指合同雙方，法官，陪審團(tuán)）很快地了解到合同的主要內(nèi)容是什么，合同雙方是誰，以及他們?yōu)槭裁春炗喓贤?，等等?you can write them as you think of them. Try to group related concepts in the same paragraphs or in adjacent paragraphs. For example, write an employment contract39。比如：撰寫勞動合同時列出的標(biāo)題詞就像下面這些：引述語聘用職責(zé)期限賠償14. Complete each paragraph by writing the contract terms that apply to that paragraph. This is simple. You learned this in elementary school. Just explain in words what the parties agree to do or not do paragraph by paragraph.，不要東拉西扯，是的，這很簡單，你可能上小學(xué)時就學(xué)過，但我還是要提醒你，要集中火力，一段一段地分別說明合同雙方同意做什么，不同意做什么。 they are easily forgotten. Also keep your client39。在書寫合同的同時，你可能隨時會想到一些需要添加條款、措詞和問題，要盡快記在便箋簿上，因?yàn)樗麄兲菀淄恕?6. Repeat yourself only when repetition is necessary to improve clarity. Ambiguity is created by saying the same thing more than once。將一個事實(shí)來回地說很容易讓人模棱兩可。另外，如果你想通過一個例子來闡明一個難以理解的概念或規(guī)則時，一定要考慮到其所有的含義、這個例子的準(zhǔn)確性以及它和概念的相符性。不要為碰運(yùn)氣而忽略這個。一個仍在聯(lián)邦法院里任職的法官就曾經(jīng)裁定：有雙方簽字，但標(biāo)有建議書的文件并非合同。如果你想讓你的文件成為具有法律效力的合同，就要在標(biāo)題中注明合同字樣。19. Write in active tense, rather than passive. Active tense sentences are shorter and use words more efficiently, and their meaning is more apparent. Example of active: Sellers shall sell the Property to Buyer. Example of passive: The Property shall be sold to Buyer by Seller.。還是讓我們來來看一個例子吧，主動語態(tài)的句子：賣方將把此物賣給買方。20. Don39。21. Don39。當(dāng)一組名詞（如白蟻和有機(jī)體）前有一個修飾語（如活動著的）時，你一定要弄清楚這個修飾語是修飾兩個名詞還是僅僅修飾第一個名詞。22. Don39。這對一個租賃合同來說是些不好的別稱，因?yàn)樗麄內(nèi)菀妆活嵉够蛘叱霈F(xiàn)打印錯誤。同樣，在合同中也不要說留置權(quán)人和留置人，抵押權(quán)人和抵押人，保證人和被保證人，許可人和被許可人，當(dāng)事人A和當(dāng)事人B......到底怎么說，這就要看你駕馭語言的能力了，不過，要把握的一條原則，即在整個合同中，對合同一方只能用一個別稱。為了避免含糊不清，使用“本文”時最好特別申明一下“本文”是指整個合同，還是指其所在的某一段落。這將減少一些不經(jīng)意的錯誤。除非你能夠列出所有被包括的項(xiàng)，否則最好用但不限于....的分句，來說明你只是想舉個例子。t rely on the rules of grammar. The rules of grammar that you learned in school are not universal. The judge or jury interpreting the meaning of your contract may have learned different rules. Write the contract so that no matter what rules they learned, the contract is clear and unambiguous. Follow this test for clear writing: Remove all periods and mas, then read it. Choosing the right words and placing them in the right place makes the writing clear without punctuation.。檢測你寫的東西是否達(dá)到這個要求有個好辦法，那就是去掉所有的句號和逗號，然后去讀它。27. Don39。合同文書不是創(chuàng)造性的作品，也就不能因?yàn)橐馑嫉募?xì)微差別而引起思考或爭論。因此，要使用普通的詞語,表達(dá)普通的意思，為普通人撰寫合同。 do not alternately call them goods and items. Maintaining consistency is more important than avoiding repetition. Don39。 worry about the opposing lawyer a year from now hunting for ambiguities to get your contract into court.。保持用詞一致性比避免重復(fù)更加重要。29. Be consistent in grammar and punctuation. The rules of grammar and punctuation you learned may differ from others, but you had better be consistent in your use of them. Be aware of such things as where you put ending quote marks, whether you place mas after years and states, and similar variations in style.。要特別注意句末的引號、時間和地點(diǎn)之后的逗號以及文風(fēng)的相似性。有了這些條款，一旦合同引起訴訟，你就已經(jīng)為了你的客戶打這場訴訟戰(zhàn)準(zhǔn)備了一些“彈藥”。Write for the Judge and Jury第四部分：要為法官和陪審團(tuán)考慮31. Assume the reader is a knowledgeable layman. If your writing is so clear that a layman could understand it, then it is less likely it will end up in court.,如果你書寫的合同簡明得連一個外行都能理解，那么即使到了法庭上,你也不用害怕。將一個詞語的開頭字母大寫表明你想讓它有一個特別的意思。（10）只平底鍋，即下文中的“貨物”(Goods)。定義合同術(shù)語不是在合同的開頭，也不是在合同的結(jié)尾，而是在這個術(shù)語第一次出現(xiàn)的時候，這樣做，有利于讀者更好地理解合同。s terms and concepts within the contract itself. Let the contract speak for itself from within its four corners.。所以撰寫合同時要讓合同自己為自己釋義。36. Tell your client the ideas that e as you write. Many ideas will occur to you as you write: things that could go wrong with the deal, things that might happen in the future, things that happened in the past, ways to structure things better. Write these in your letter to the client.。在撰寫合同時，你最好向客戶說訂立合同需要承擔(dān)的風(fēng)險和能夠得到的利益。What To Do After the First Draft Is Written第六部分：完成初稿后做什么38. Check spelling, paragraph numbering, and cross references both manually and with your word processor39?，F(xiàn)在，這類專業(yè)的軟件甚至可以幫你檢測到合同中沒有釋義的術(shù)語，如：Corel公司專門為法律辦公開發(fā)的文字處理軟件包中的DealProof軟件，還有可供word97和word2000下載安裝的DocProofReader軟件。s spell checker, but they will find inconsistencies and confusing areas that you missed when drafting.。40. Stamp Draft 1 6/22/2000 on it. This may be the first of many drafts, so avoid confusion early by numbering and dating all drafts at the top of the first page. It is also a good idea to write DRAFT across the face of each page to preclude the possibility of an impatient client signing a draft rather than waiting for the final version.“第一稿于200年6月22日”,第一稿完成后，可能還要草擬幾個版本，為了避免他們之間相互混淆，最好在每份草稿首頁的頂部注上序號和起草時間。41. Let your client read it. Letting the client in on reading the first draft assures that your drafting will stay in tune with the client39。你的客戶讀第一稿，可以確保你的起草的東西和客戶的愿望相符。re not using WordPerfect for DOS, as I