【正文】 兩個定義術語的例子：“貨物”(Goods)是指買方已經(jīng)同意向賣方購買的貨物。Keep Your Client Informed While You Write第五部分：書寫時要常和你的客戶溝通35. All contracts should e with a cover letter. This gives you a place to instruct your client on how to use and sign the contract.。s spelling and grammar checker. This almost goes without saying today, especially since Microsoft Word now checks your spelling and grammar as you type. (Unfortunately it also changes per stirpes to per stupid if you fail to watch it closely.) And now there are even puter programs that check contract documents for undefined terms. DealProof is packaged with Corel WordPerfect for law offices, and DocProofReader is available for download for MS Word 97 and 2000.、段落序號以及上下文的注解，你可以自己手動來做，也可以用文字編輯軟件中的拼寫和語法檢查功能來完成，特別是自從有了微軟的word軟件后，做這樣的工作你似乎不要費多少精力（但機器有時也不可靠，如果你不看仔細，它就會把per stirpes改變?yōu)?per stupid）。s wishes.41讓你的客戶讀你草擬的合同。帶草字的擴展名表示此合同是草擬版本。用厚一點的紙不僅復印副本很容易，而且，它被保存的時間也要長一些。49. Be sure that corporate officers include their titles, the corporation name and the word as. Failure to do this can result in personal liability of the officer. The proper way to sign in a representative capacity is as follows:ABC Corporation, a Florida corporationBy:____________________________________John Jones, as its President，一定要寫上他們的職務和其所在公司的名稱。WHEREAS, ________________。s Rules of Professional Conduct encourage attorneys and clients to enter into fee agreements at the mencement of representation in order to avoid the possibility of misunderstandings, and the Florida Probate Code requires that attorney fee agreements be signed by the Personal Representative and by the persons bearing the impact of the fees。s real handy in appellate work.如果這50招都不能讓你起草的合同免于訴訟，《設計原理》吧，我聽說它對應付上訴非常有幫助。這樣，一旦合同引起糾紛，就能很容易地找到證人。How to Print and Sign the Final Draft第七部分：怎樣打印和簽署最后的定稿合同。用來修改的文件可以命名為合同。另外，在每一個版本的封面上注明“草稿”字樣，也能夠避免你那急躁的客戶不等到最后的定稿文本就急于簽字。通常情況下，只要你花時間來起草合同，你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)真正的風險在哪里。要記住合同雙方的當事人可能會理解合同中某些專用術語，但法官和陪審團卻可能一無所知。32. Define a word by capitalizing it and putting it in quotes. Capitalizing a word indicates that you intend it to have a special meaning. The following are two sample clauses for defining terms:Wherever used in this contract, the word Goods shall mean the goods that Buyer has agreed to purchase from Seller under this hereby agrees to purchase from Seller ten (10) frying pans, hereinafter called the Goods.：加上雙引號并將其開頭的字母大寫。不要擔心這會讓讀者打瞌睡；你應該提防的是對方律師會因為含糊不清的合同而將你告上法庭。合同文書應該是清晰、直接而準確的。26. Don39?？梢杂谩胺繓|”和“房客”來代替他們。t use the word biweekly. It has two meanings: twice a week and every other week. The same applies to bimonthly. Instead, write every other week or twice a week.“雙周”之類的詞，因為這有可能產(chǎn)生歧義是兩周還是每隔一周？類似的詞還有雙月,所以最好這樣寫:兩周或每隔一周。這給我們的教訓就是，你怎么想，就應該怎么說。 it is almost impossible to say it twice without creating ambiguity. Only if the concept is a difficult one should you write it in more than one way. In addition, if you use an example to clarify a difficult concept or formula, be sure that all possible meanings are considered and that the example is accurate and consistent with the concept as worded.，否則不要在合同中重復陳述某個內容。s initial paragraph headings like this:Recitals.Employment.Duties.Term.Compensation.，當然，你并不需要一下子列出所有段落的標題詞，想到多少就寫多少，不過，這些標題詞要力求總結出每個段落或相關段落的內容。同樣，除非你想讓一方當事人成為法定上的代理人，否則不要稱其為代理人，如果堅持要用，最好明確一下代理范圍并找到其他可以避免將來爭執(zhí)的方案。像房子一樣，一個合同必須有一個牢固的根基。起草合同時，你可以把這些范本當做原始資料，利用其中某些典型的條款和措詞。通常情況下，客戶都保留著過去的交易記錄或者是類似合同。本文的附錄提供了一些簡單的法律文書范本這將有助于你理解這些招數(shù)。美國資深律師經(jīng)驗：二十一世紀寫好合同的五十招（英漢對照） 作者：James. MartinFIFTY TIPS FOR WRITING THE 21ST CENTURY CONTRACT THAT STAYS OUT OF COURT二十一世紀寫好合同的五十招作者：譯者：胡清平Published in The Florida Bar Journal, Nov. 2000（本文于2000年11月發(fā)表于美國佛羅里達州的律師雜志上）Note: This article is for background purposes only and is not intended as legal advice.作者注：本文僅供參考，并不旨在提供法律意見譯者注：翻譯本文并未得到原作者同意，故譯文僅供學習和研究使用.Wele to the 21st Century. Where practicing law requires us to don the garb of puters and the Internet. And where litigation is as costly as ever. Lawyer bills running $10,000 a month are not unusual in a hotly contested breach of contract lawsuit. With every word, phrase and sentence carrying the potential for winning or losing, the stakes are high. Simple logic, therefore, directs us to cautious and thoughtful drafting.新世紀的到來，要求我們在法律實踐中應該多用電腦和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，不過，訴訟成本還是那么地高，面對日益競爭激烈的違約訴訟，律師每月開出1萬美元的賬單也是常有的事。另外，通過了解這些招數(shù)，你就會明白，起草合同，清晰、簡明是多么地重要。3. Ask your client for a similar contract. Frequently, clients have had similar transactions in the past or they have access to contracts for similar transactions.。典型的合同范本在一些范例書中都可能找到：比如,西方法律文書（全國版）佛羅里達州文書期刊，另外，在有些論文和佛羅里達州律師協(xié)會的法律繼續(xù)教育出版物中也可以找到一些。附錄A就是一個簡單、典型的合同，它提供了一個合同的基本支架。除非一方當事人在法定上就是承包人，否則不要將承包人作為其別稱。 you can write them as you think of them. Try to group related concepts in the same paragraphs or in adjacent paragraphs. For example, write an employment contract39。16. Repeat yourself only when repetition is necessary to improve clarity. Ambiguity is created by saying the same thing more than once。一個仍在聯(lián)邦法院里任職的法官就曾經(jīng)裁定：有雙方簽字，但標有建議書的文件并非合同。20. Don39。這對一個租賃合同來說是些不好的別稱，因為他們容易被顛倒或者出現(xiàn)打印錯誤。除非你能夠列出所有被包括的項，否則最好用但不限于....的分句，來說明你只是想舉個例子。合同文書不是創(chuàng)造性的作品，也就不能因為意思的細微差別而引起思考或爭論。保持用詞一致性比避免重復更加重要。Write for the Judge and Jury第四部分：要為法官和陪審團考慮31. Assume the reader is a knowledgeable layman. If your writing is so clear that a layman could understand it, then it is less likely it will end up in court.,如果你書寫的合同簡明得連一個外行都能理解，那么即使到了法庭上,你也不用害怕。s terms and concepts within the contract itself. Let the contract speak for itself from within its four corners.。在撰寫合同時，你最好向客戶說訂立合同需要承擔的風險和能夠得到的利益。40. Stamp Draft 1 6/22/2000 on it. This may be the first of many drafts, so avoid confusion early by numbering and dating all drafts at the top of the first page. It is also a good idea to write DRAFT across the face of each page to preclude the possibility of an impatient client signing a draft