【正文】 兩個(gè)定義術(shù)語(yǔ)的例子：“貨物”(Goods)是指買方已經(jīng)同意向賣方購(gòu)買的貨物。Keep Your Client Informed While You Write第五部分：書(shū)寫(xiě)時(shí)要常和你的客戶溝通35. All contracts should e with a cover letter. This gives you a place to instruct your client on how to use and sign the contract.。s spelling and grammar checker. This almost goes without saying today, especially since Microsoft Word now checks your spelling and grammar as you type. (Unfortunately it also changes per stirpes to per stupid if you fail to watch it closely.) And now there are even puter programs that check contract documents for undefined terms. DealProof is packaged with Corel WordPerfect for law offices, and DocProofReader is available for download for MS Word 97 and 2000.、段落序號(hào)以及上下文的注解，你可以自己手動(dòng)來(lái)做，也可以用文字編輯軟件中的拼寫(xiě)和語(yǔ)法檢查功能來(lái)完成，特別是自從有了微軟的word軟件后，做這樣的工作你似乎不要費(fèi)多少精力（但機(jī)器有時(shí)也不可靠，如果你不看仔細(xì)，它就會(huì)把per stirpes改變?yōu)?per stupid）。s wishes.41讓你的客戶讀你草擬的合同。帶草字的擴(kuò)展名表示此合同是草擬版本。用厚一點(diǎn)的紙不僅復(fù)印副本很容易，而且，它被保存的時(shí)間也要長(zhǎng)一些。49. Be sure that corporate officers include their titles, the corporation name and the word as. Failure to do this can result in personal liability of the officer. The proper way to sign in a representative capacity is as follows:ABC Corporation, a Florida corporationBy:____________________________________John Jones, as its President，一定要寫(xiě)上他們的職務(wù)和其所在公司的名稱。WHEREAS, ________________。s Rules of Professional Conduct encourage attorneys and clients to enter into fee agreements at the mencement of representation in order to avoid the possibility of misunderstandings, and the Florida Probate Code requires that attorney fee agreements be signed by the Personal Representative and by the persons bearing the impact of the fees。s real handy in appellate work.如果這50招都不能讓你起草的合同免于訴訟，《設(shè)計(jì)原理》吧，我聽(tīng)說(shuō)它對(duì)應(yīng)付上訴非常有幫助。這樣，一旦合同引起糾紛，就能很容易地找到證人。How to Print and Sign the Final Draft第七部分：怎樣打印和簽署最后的定稿合同。用來(lái)修改的文件可以命名為合同。另外，在每一個(gè)版本的封面上注明“草稿”字樣，也能夠避免你那急躁的客戶不等到最后的定稿文本就急于簽字。通常情況下，只要你花時(shí)間來(lái)起草合同，你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)真正的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)在哪里。要記住合同雙方的當(dāng)事人可能會(huì)理解合同中某些專用術(shù)語(yǔ)，但法官和陪審團(tuán)卻可能一無(wú)所知。32. Define a word by capitalizing it and putting it in quotes. Capitalizing a word indicates that you intend it to have a special meaning. The following are two sample clauses for defining terms:Wherever used in this contract, the word Goods shall mean the goods that Buyer has agreed to purchase from Seller under this hereby agrees to purchase from Seller ten (10) frying pans, hereinafter called the Goods.：加上雙引號(hào)并將其開(kāi)頭的字母大寫(xiě)。不要擔(dān)心這會(huì)讓讀者打瞌睡；你應(yīng)該提防的是對(duì)方律師會(huì)因?yàn)楹磺宓暮贤鴮⒛愀嫔戏ㄍ?。合同文?shū)應(yīng)該是清晰、直接而準(zhǔn)確的。26. Don39?？梢杂谩胺繓|”和“房客”來(lái)代替他們。t use the word biweekly. It has two meanings: twice a week and every other week. The same applies to bimonthly. Instead, write every other week or twice a week.“雙周”之類的詞，因?yàn)檫@有可能產(chǎn)生歧義是兩周還是每隔一周？類似的詞還有雙月,所以最好這樣寫(xiě):兩周或每隔一周。這給我們的教訓(xùn)就是，你怎么想，就應(yīng)該怎么說(shuō)。 it is almost impossible to say it twice without creating ambiguity. Only if the concept is a difficult one should you write it in more than one way. In addition, if you use an example to clarify a difficult concept or formula, be sure that all possible meanings are considered and that the example is accurate and consistent with the concept as worded.，否則不要在合同中重復(fù)陳述某個(gè)內(nèi)容。s initial paragraph headings like this:Recitals.Employment.Duties.Term.Compensation.，當(dāng)然，你并不需要一下子列出所有段落的標(biāo)題詞，想到多少就寫(xiě)多少，不過(guò)，這些標(biāo)題詞要力求總結(jié)出每個(gè)段落或相關(guān)段落的內(nèi)容。同樣，除非你想讓一方當(dāng)事人成為法定上的代理人，否則不要稱其為代理人，如果堅(jiān)持要用，最好明確一下代理范圍并找到其他可以避免將來(lái)爭(zhēng)執(zhí)的方案。像房子一樣，一個(gè)合同必須有一個(gè)牢固的根基。起草合同時(shí)，你可以把這些范本當(dāng)做原始資料，利用其中某些典型的條款和措詞。通常情況下，客戶都保留著過(guò)去的交易記錄或者是類似合同。本文的附錄提供了一些簡(jiǎn)單的法律文書(shū)范本這將有助于你理解這些招數(shù)。美國(guó)資深律師經(jīng)驗(yàn)：二十一世紀(jì)寫(xiě)好合同的五十招（英漢對(duì)照） 作者：James. MartinFIFTY TIPS FOR WRITING THE 21ST CENTURY CONTRACT THAT STAYS OUT OF COURT二十一世紀(jì)寫(xiě)好合同的五十招作者：譯者：胡清平Published in The Florida Bar Journal, Nov. 2000（本文于2000年11月發(fā)表于美國(guó)佛羅里達(dá)州的律師雜志上）Note: This article is for background purposes only and is not intended as legal advice.作者注：本文僅供參考，并不旨在提供法律意見(jiàn)譯者注：翻譯本文并未得到原作者同意，故譯文僅供學(xué)習(xí)和研究使用.Wele to the 21st Century. Where practicing law requires us to don the garb of puters and the Internet. And where litigation is as costly as ever. Lawyer bills running $10,000 a month are not unusual in a hotly contested breach of contract lawsuit. With every word, phrase and sentence carrying the potential for winning or losing, the stakes are high. Simple logic, therefore, directs us to cautious and thoughtful drafting.新世紀(jì)的到來(lái)，要求我們?cè)诜蓪?shí)踐中應(yīng)該多用電腦和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，不過(guò)，訴訟成本還是那么地高，面對(duì)日益競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈的違約訴訟，律師每月開(kāi)出1萬(wàn)美元的賬單也是常有的事。另外，通過(guò)了解這些招數(shù)，你就會(huì)明白，起草合同，清晰、簡(jiǎn)明是多么地重要。3. Ask your client for a similar contract. Frequently, clients have had similar transactions in the past or they have access to contracts for similar transactions.。典型的合同范本在一些范例書(shū)中都可能找到：比如,西方法律文書(shū)（全國(guó)版）佛羅里達(dá)州文書(shū)期刊，另外，在有些論文和佛羅里達(dá)州律師協(xié)會(huì)的法律繼續(xù)教育出版物中也可以找到一些。附錄A就是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單、典型的合同，它提供了一個(gè)合同的基本支架。除非一方當(dāng)事人在法定上就是承包人，否則不要將承包人作為其別稱。 you can write them as you think of them. Try to group related concepts in the same paragraphs or in adjacent paragraphs. For example, write an employment contract39。16. Repeat yourself only when repetition is necessary to improve clarity. Ambiguity is created by saying the same thing more than once。一個(gè)仍在聯(lián)邦法院里任職的法官就曾經(jīng)裁定：有雙方簽字，但標(biāo)有建議書(shū)的文件并非合同。20. Don39。這對(duì)一個(gè)租賃合同來(lái)說(shuō)是些不好的別稱，因?yàn)樗麄內(nèi)菀妆活嵉够蛘叱霈F(xiàn)打印錯(cuò)誤。除非你能夠列出所有被包括的項(xiàng)，否則最好用但不限于....的分句，來(lái)說(shuō)明你只是想舉個(gè)例子。合同文書(shū)不是創(chuàng)造性的作品，也就不能因?yàn)橐馑嫉募?xì)微差別而引起思考或爭(zhēng)論。保持用詞一致性比避免重復(fù)更加重要。Write for the Judge and Jury第四部分：要為法官和陪審團(tuán)考慮31. Assume the reader is a knowledgeable layman. If your writing is so clear that a layman could understand it, then it is less likely it will end up in court.,如果你書(shū)寫(xiě)的合同簡(jiǎn)明得連一個(gè)外行都能理解，那么即使到了法庭上,你也不用害怕。s terms and concepts within the contract itself. Let the contract speak for itself from within its four corners.。在撰寫(xiě)合同時(shí)，你最好向客戶說(shuō)訂立合同需要承擔(dān)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和能夠得到的利益。40. Stamp Draft 1 6/22/2000 on it. This may be the first of many drafts, so avoid confusion early by numbering and dating all drafts at the top of the first page. It is also a good idea to write DRAFT across the face of each page to preclude the possibility of an impatient client signing a draft