【正文】 s to cautious and thoughtful drafting.新世紀的到來，要求我們在法律實踐中應(yīng)該多用電腦和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，不過，訴訟成本還是那么地高，面對日益競爭激烈的違約訴訟，律師每月開出1萬美元的賬單也是常有的事。本文在那些招數(shù)的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合一些新的工具和技能，推出了下面這個新版本,但愿它們能幫助你起草無可挑剔的合同，讓你的客戶免受訴訟的困擾。本文的附錄提供了一些簡單的法律文書范本這將有助于你理解這些招數(shù)。 understanding in case those facts arise. Talking to your client about this will generate many issues you may not otherwise consider.。通常情況下，客戶都保留著過去的交易記錄或者是類似合同。使用這些舊合同可以為你節(jié)省時間和避免打印錯誤，不過，用這些合同范本時別忘了替換掉老客戶的名字。起草合同時，你可以把這些范本當做原始資料，利用其中某些典型的條款和措詞。有時候，在合同未準備好之前，客戶為了表示誠意，往往急于簽署某些東西，當然，在這種情況下，如果客戶急于簽署的是有特別申明的意向書，這也是可以的，但一定要注明：本意向書并非合同，只是雙方為了更好地溝通協(xié)商，而擬定的對未來條款的概述。像房子一樣，一個合同必須有一個牢固的根基。9. Identify the parties by nicknames. Giving each party a nickname in the first paragraph will make the contract easier to read. For example, James W. Martin would be nicknamed Martin.（簡稱）。同樣，除非你想讓一方當事人成為法定上的代理人，否則不要稱其為代理人，如果堅持要用，最好明確一下代理范圍并找到其他可以避免將來爭執(zhí)的方案。引述語是指那些放在合同主體前面的鑒于條款。s initial paragraph headings like this:Recitals.Employment.Duties.Term.Compensation.，當然，你并不需要一下子列出所有段落的標題詞，想到多少就寫多少，不過，這些標題詞要力求總結(jié)出每個段落或相關(guān)段落的內(nèi)容。s outline and other forms in front of you as you write, and check off items as you write them.，以便記下需要添加的條款。 it is almost impossible to say it twice without creating ambiguity. Only if the concept is a difficult one should you write it in more than one way. In addition, if you use an example to clarify a difficult concept or formula, be sure that all possible meanings are considered and that the example is accurate and consistent with the concept as worded.，否則不要在合同中重復(fù)陳述某個內(nèi)容。What to Watch Out for When Writing第三部分：撰寫時的注意事項17. Title it Contract. Do not leave this one to chance. If your client wants a contract, call it a contract. A judge now sitting on the federal bench once ruled that a document entitled Proposal was not a contract even though signed by both parties. The lesson learned is, Say what you mean. If you intend the document to be a legally binding contract, use the word Contract in the title.合同兩字。這給我們的教訓(xùn)就是，你怎么想，就應(yīng)該怎么說。相對而言，主動語態(tài)的句子更簡短，措詞更精練，表達更明白。t use the word biweekly. It has two meanings: twice a week and every other week. The same applies to bimonthly. Instead, write every other week or twice a week.“雙周”之類的詞，因為這有可能產(chǎn)生歧義是兩周還是每隔一周？類似的詞還有雙月,所以最好這樣寫:兩周或每隔一周。如果是修飾兩個詞，可以用排比的手法分別在這兩個詞之前加上修飾語，如果你只想修飾一個名詞，那么你就應(yīng)該把這個詞放在這組詞的最后，然后在它的前面加上修飾語?？梢杂谩胺繓|”和“房客”來代替他們。24. Write numbers as both words and numerals: ten (10). This will reduce the chance for errors.，如：拾（10）。26. Don39。在沒有標點符號的情況下，選擇正確的詞語放在正確的位置上，這將使你寫出來的東西更簡明，更流暢。合同文書應(yīng)該是清晰、直接而準確的。t worry about putting the reader to sleep。不要擔心這會讓讀者打瞌睡；你應(yīng)該提防的是對方律師會因為含糊不清的合同而將你告上法庭。30. Consider including choice of law, venue selection, and attorneys fee clauses. If your contract gets litigated, you might as well give your client some ammunition for the fight. Examples of these clauses appear in Appendices A and C.、審判地、律師費等條款。32. Define a word by capitalizing it and putting it in quotes. Capitalizing a word indicates that you intend it to have a special meaning. The following are two sample clauses for defining terms:Wherever used in this contract, the word Goods shall mean the goods that Buyer has agreed to purchase from Seller under this hereby agrees to purchase from Seller ten (10) frying pans, hereinafter called the Goods.：加上雙引號并將其開頭的字母大寫。33. Define words when first used. Instead of writing a section of definitions at the beginning or end of a contract, consider defining terms and concepts as they first appear in the contract. This will make it easier for the reader to follow.。要記住合同雙方的當事人可能會理解合同中某些專用術(shù)語，但法官和陪審團卻可能一無所知。比如：哪些事情可能會隨著交易變得很遭，哪些事可能會在將來發(fā)生，哪些事情已經(jīng)發(fā)生了，哪些可以讓事情朝好的方向發(fā)展的方法.....你最好在給客戶的說明書中都將這些都寫上。通常情況下，只要你花時間來起草合同，你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)真正的風險在哪里。39. Let your secretary or paralegal read it. Not only will your staff frequently find spelling and grammar errors missed by your word processor39。另外，在每一個版本的封面上注明“草稿”字樣，也能夠避免你那急躁的客戶不等到最后的定稿文本就急于簽字。42. Save the drafts as multiple files on your puter. If you save the first draft on your puter as two files, you will have one file identified as the first draft and the other identified as the current version. This can be done by naming the current version contract and the first draft as . Then, subsequent versions can be named , , etc., where the d in the extension indicates draft. (Of course, if you39。用來修改的文件可以命名為合同。）43. Compare the current version to prior versions. If you save draft versions, it is very easy to pare one version to another using the word processor39。How to Print and Sign the Final Draft第七部分：怎樣打印和簽署最后的定稿合同。這樣做，對方就不會說合同在簽署后被偷換了。這樣，一旦合同引起糾紛，就能很容易地找到證人。簽約代表簽名的正確方法如下：ABC公司，佛羅里州分公司簽約代表：________________公司總裁：50. Add a notary clause that plies with the notary law. The notary acknowledgement in Appendix B is such a clause.，類似的范例見附錄BConcluding Advice最后的忠告If these 50 tips don39。s real handy in appellate work.如果這50招都不能讓你起草的合同免于訴訟，《設(shè)計原理》吧，我聽說它對應(yīng)付上訴非常有幫助。NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of their mutual promises made herein, and for other good and valuable consideration, receipt of which is hereby acknowledged by each party, the parties, intending to be legally bound, hereby agree as follows:1. Recitals. The parties agree that the foregoing recitals are true and correct and incorporated herein by this reference.2. __________________.___. Miscellaneous. Time is of the essence of this agreement. This agreement is made in the State of Florida and shall be governed by Florida law. This is the entire agreement between the parties and may not be modified or amended except by a written document signed by the party against whom enforcement is sought. This agreement may be signed in more than one counterpart, in which case each counterpart shall constitute an original of this agreement. Paragraph headings are for convenience only and are not intended to expand or restrict the scope or substance of the provisions of this agreement. Wherever used herein, the singular shal