【正文】 uch about it.3)評述性狀語：修飾整個(gè)句子，表示說話人的看法或態(tài)度。英語句子成分歌英語句子八呀八大塊， 主謂賓表真呀真實(shí)在；補(bǔ)語跟著賓語表語跑， 定語同位（語）專把名詞踹。渾身的毛病真呀真不少， 前后亂竄它還會(huì)加塞。把有賓補(bǔ)的句子變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)，則賓補(bǔ)就變成了主補(bǔ)。2．定語，同位（語）專把名詞踹：定語，同位語修飾名詞性形式Experience is the best teacher.（被定語所修飾的形式為名詞）They are going to Melbourne, the beautiful city in southern Australia.（同位語所修飾的形式為名詞）主語：(1)由名詞、代詞(人稱代詞用主格)、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞等充當(dāng),說明動(dòng)作是“誰”發(fā)出的。) / They fought against SARS bravely. (他們勇敢地與非典搏斗。)(2)動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)名詞做主語時(shí)可用it代替,而不定式或動(dòng)名詞移至表語或賓語之后。) / Eating too much is bad for your health.(=It is bad for your health eating too much.) (吃得太多對你的身體不利。)/ (It) doesn’t matter. ((那)沒有關(guān)系。)(5)祈使句一般省略主語。Keep the keyboards clean, children. (孩子們請保持鍵盤的清潔。)如：Computers are made in this factory. (計(jì)算機(jī)生產(chǎn)于這家工廠。(7)主語與謂語必須保持單、復(fù)數(shù)的一致, 而謂語與表語或賓語之間沒有這一要求。) / The Chinese people are a hardworking and brave people. (中華民族是一個(gè)勤勞勇敢的民族。謂語：(1)由“不及物動(dòng)詞”、“及物動(dòng)詞+賓語”或“系動(dòng)詞+表語”等構(gòu)成,說明主語所表示的人物“干什么”或“怎么樣”。) / Who teaches you English this year?(今年誰教你們的英語？) / The pizza has gone bad. (那塊烤餡餅已經(jīng)變壞。(見動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)構(gòu)成表)　記?。褐^語部分第一個(gè)動(dòng)詞往往是變形動(dòng)詞。) / He can’t have finished reading the 800pagelong novel. (他不可能讀完了那本長達(dá)800頁的小說。) 二、不定式一、作主語 不定式作主語 動(dòng)詞不定式作主語時(shí)，句子的謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)，其位置有以下兩種： (1)把不定式置于句首。如： ①It＋be＋名詞＋to do It39。如：agree,ask,aim,arrange,choose,decide,demand,expect,fail ,help,hope,lean,long, manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,wish等，這些詞大部分可接that引導(dǎo)的從句。如： We think it quite important for us to learn a foreignlanguage well. He feels it his duty to help the poor. ③介詞but,except,besides+to do(do) 在這種句型中，如介詞前有動(dòng)詞do，后面應(yīng)接不帶to的不定式；如無do，則接to不定式，即帶do不帶to， 帶to不帶do。在不定式前的sb，可看作其邏輯主語。skind of you to help me with my English.=You are kind to helpme with my English. +to do（作賓語）動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語其實(shí)你只要把不定式(to do sth)看成一個(gè)名詞即可,它屬于五種基本句型里的主+謂+賓結(jié)構(gòu),例如 I beg to .能用此結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞有:決心decide determin學(xué)會(huì)learn想want希望expect wish hope,拒絕refuse設(shè)法manage strive愿care假裝pretend,主動(dòng)ofer答應(yīng)promise選choose計(jì)劃plan,同意agree請求ask .另外再加上afford to do sth 承擔(dān)的起這種結(jié)構(gòu)是連接詞賓語從句的簡略形式。foundverytoto他發(fā)現(xiàn)很難入睡.注意：常用此結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞有consider,judge,make,feel,make 等。如： Bob took down my telephone number so as(in order)not toforget it. 有時(shí)為強(qiáng)調(diào)目的狀語可把in order to或不定式置于句首，但so as to不能這樣用。 ①We are glad to hear the news. ②I was surprised to see that a threeyearold baby could write so well. 在部分形容詞后接不定式，用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，這種句型中的主語是不定式的邏輯賓語。 ⒉作結(jié)果狀語 We came home after our holiday to find our garden neat and tidy. 不定式作結(jié)果狀語還常用在下列句式中。such…as to I39。 I39。m too tired to stay up longer. 但在下列結(jié)構(gòu)中，too…to并非是“太……而不能……”之意。m only too glad to have passed the 。 too....to 的用法一、too... to... 的意義 too... to 句型形式上是肯定的，但是它在意義上卻是否定的，表示太……而不能……。too... to...句型是簡單句?！　《?dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語動(dòng)詞不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者與整個(gè)句子的主語不指同一人或物時(shí)，需要在動(dòng)詞不定式前加上一個(gè)邏輯主語(常用for sb.)?！　∪oo... to... 結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)肯定的意義1. too 前面含有表示否定意義的詞，如: not, never, nothing等時(shí)，too... to... 結(jié)構(gòu)不表示否定的意義。(要學(xué)永遠(yuǎn)都不遲。例如：I shall be only too pleased to get home. 到了家我將極其高興。例如：　　He is too sad to hear the bad news. 聽到這個(gè)不幸的消息他太悲傷了。例如：　　She is too young to do the work. = She isn39。t easy 　　enough for him to work out.　　2. 將too...to...結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換為so... that... 結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，要注意：　　(1) so... that... 結(jié)構(gòu)是復(fù)合句，so 的后面接形容詞或副詞的原級，that的后面接從句。例如：　　She is too young to go to school. = She is so young that she can39。　　變換下列句型：　　1. a. The box is so heavy that I can39。t easy enough for me to work out. b. The maths problem is ________ difficult ________ I can39。如： ①The next train to arrive is from Washington. ②Have you anything to be taken to your sister? ③Do you have anything to say on the question? ④Would you please give me some paper to write on? ⑤My wish to visit France has e true at last. 不定式短語作定語和被修飾詞之間表示以下關(guān)系： (1)表示將來的動(dòng)作（例①）。 (3)與被修飾詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，同時(shí)與句中其它詞之間又有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，盡管有被動(dòng)含義，卻仍 用主動(dòng)語態(tài)（例③）；如只有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，而無邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，則需用被動(dòng)語態(tài)（例②）。作賓語補(bǔ)足語 一些及物動(dòng)詞除要求按賓語外，有時(shí)還需要有賓語補(bǔ)足語，說明賓語的行為、狀態(tài)、特征，這時(shí)意思才相對完整。如： ①Would you like me to give your regards to Mary? ②I want you to understand the whole passage clearly.(2)部分動(dòng)詞后常接to be＋形容詞、名詞短語等形式，有時(shí)to be可省略，如：believe,consider,discover,find(=consider),feel(=think),imagine,judge,know,prove,think,suppose,see(=understand),understa nd等。 ①I didn39。如： Would you please help me(to) fill in the taxform? I39。⒉作主語補(bǔ)足語 不定式作主語補(bǔ)足語，和主語構(gòu)成一種邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。如： To tell the truth,the play was a great disappointment tome. 常見的短語有to be exact（確切地說），to begin with（首先），to do him justice（說句對他公道的 話），to be sure（真的）等等。⒉動(dòng)名詞作主語 Learning without practice is no good. 動(dòng)名詞作主語時(shí)，也常用It句式。s +no good(no use,fun,a pleasure,a waste of time)+doing… It39。s no use sitting here waiting. ②It39。s dangerous swimming in the sea in windy days. 這樣用的形容詞有expensive,nice,tiring等，但important,necessary則不適用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)，應(yīng)用不定式 代替，如：It39。s impossible to…結(jié)構(gòu)。如： It39。s no good for you to eat so much fat. ②動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)作主語，可以用名詞或代詞屬格形式作邏輯主語。s no use your pretending that you didn39。t mind,give up,insist,on, put off等。 ⒊部分動(dòng)詞后面，既可接動(dòng)詞不定式，也可接動(dòng)名詞作賓語，意義不變。 在need,require,want后接ing形式，表示被動(dòng)意義，也可接不定式，但要用被動(dòng)形式，如：Your handwr iting needs improving(tobe improved). hate,love,like接不定式表示特定的未來事件，接動(dòng)名詞表示目前正在進(jìn)行的活動(dòng)或一般的行為。d like to have a cup of coffee. ②當(dāng)謂語動(dòng)詞begin,continue,start等是進(jìn)行式時(shí)，如：Thestudents are starting to work on the di fficult maths problem.③begin,continue,start與know,understand等狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用時(shí)，如：I soon began to understand what was happening. ⒋advise,allow,encourage,forbid,permit等動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語，或帶不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。t permit our swimming in the lake. Our teachers don39。 ①forget,remember,regret后接不定式，表示現(xiàn)在或未來的動(dòng)作，接動(dòng)名詞表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生。t forget fo post the letter for me. Have you forgotten meeting her in Beijing Airport? Remember to close the windows before you leave. I remember writing him a letter a year ago. We regret to tell you that all of you are not invited toattend the meeting. They regretted ordering these books from abroad. ②mean to do 打算做某事 doing 意味著…… I meant to catch up with the early bus. This means wasting a lot of money. ③try to do 設(shè)法盡力做某事 doing 試著做某事 You should try to overe your shortings. T