【正文】
出。 6)Not only are the different situations arising in practice too numerous,but the technical capacity of the contractors is too uneven to admit of any advice at a distance.這不僅由于實(shí)踐中出現(xiàn)的情況五花八門,而且施工者的技術(shù)能力參差不齊,不可能考慮在遠(yuǎn)距離外提出任何建議。后半句中uneven意思為“不相等”,at distance“遠(yuǎn)處”,too...to含有否定意義。應(yīng)注意該句型與主語從句意義上的差異。(該句強(qiáng)調(diào)an unusual person,在譯文中用“只有”兩字體現(xiàn)出來。(句中的It為形式主語,代替that引導(dǎo)的主語從句。) 2)It was not until I got to the station that I missed my wallet.到了車站我才發(fā)現(xiàn)我的錢包不見了。) 3)It is these cultural mon denominators upon which we can build understanding,respect and munication.就是基于這些文化的共同特征,我們才能增進(jìn)理解、尊重和交流。(該句的強(qiáng)調(diào)部分較長,但核心詞是the demand,翻譯時(shí)加上“正是……,”,使強(qiáng)調(diào)部分突出出來。t love.At the time,both mitments seemed like a good idea,but I suppose it was the fantasy of being a successful,married businessman that appeal to me far more than the reality.我被討厭的工作所束縛,并陷入與自己并不愛的女人的婚約。(文中it was the fantasy of ...that...是強(qiáng)調(diào)句,反映了作者想“重塑自我”的心理狀態(tài)。在漢語表達(dá)中,主動(dòng)語態(tài)比被動(dòng)語態(tài)用得更普遍些。翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)注意運(yùn)用以下技巧: 1)英語的主語轉(zhuǎn)換成漢語的賓語 有些被動(dòng)語態(tài)只能用漢語的主動(dòng)句來翻譯時(shí),可以將英語被動(dòng)句的主語變?yōu)闈h語主動(dòng)句的賓語,以便突出談?wù)摰氖挛?,不需要表明的行為主體可以省略。 (2)At first only a few sentence patterns can be learnt.Consequently a teacher will find it difficult to make the work interesting and natural.剛開始時(shí)只能學(xué)少數(shù)句型。 (3)Every day ,the news of the world is relayed to people by over 300 million copies of daily papers,over 400million radio sets,and over 150 million television sets.每天,三億多份報(bào)紙、四億多臺收音機(jī)和1.5億多臺電視機(jī)向人們傳送世界新聞。 (1)The earth39。 (2)The makers of the spaceship will have seen that passengers are equipped so that this enormous speed does not harm them.The ship must also be designed so that the heat caused by the machine rushing through the lower air will not melt the ship,as a shooting star is melted and burned as it rushes through the air toward the earth.宇宙飛船的制造廠家必須保證讓乘客有適當(dāng)?shù)难b備,以防止因飛船速度過快而受到傷害。 (3)On the whole,such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence,but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the other with whom he is being pared,and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant informa tion which they possessed.總的來說,得出這種結(jié)論是有一定程度把握的,但是必須具備兩個(gè)條件:能夠假定這個(gè)孩子對測試的態(tài)度和與他相比較的其他孩子的態(tài)度相同;他也沒有因?yàn)槿狈ζ渌⒆右颜莆盏挠嘘P(guān)知識而被扣分。翻譯時(shí),只有最后一個(gè)was not punished譯成被動(dòng)形式,其他的都依照漢語習(xí)慣處理成主動(dòng)形式。進(jìn)行英譯漢時(shí)應(yīng)按照漢語習(xí)慣調(diào)整語序,將原意譯出。(該句中的分離結(jié)構(gòu)有:(1)主句中“however”將動(dòng)詞“contend”和that引出的賓語從句分離;(2)在賓語從句中“if...”條件句將從句主語“shift”與其謂語部分requires...分離;(3)插入成分“and,most important”將并列結(jié)構(gòu)conceptualized,structured...managed分離。(句中主語The evidence...與謂語continues分離。(句中的主語Rows of houses與謂語are replaced分離。他的名字總是和彗星聯(lián)系在一起。) B.動(dòng)賓分離 (1)It is the business of the scientist to accumulate knowledge about the universe and all that is in it,and to find,if he is able,mon factors which underlie and account for the facts that he knows.科學(xué)家的事就是積累有關(guān)宇宙及宇宙中一切事物的知識,而且,如果可能,找出既是他所知事實(shí)的基礎(chǔ),又能解釋他所了解的這些事實(shí)的共同因素。(句中的賓語補(bǔ)足語im possible將動(dòng)詞consider與賓語從句“what...”分離。(resistance與定語220Ohms分離。(句中Little與定語 about the nature...分離。(句中conviction與其同位語從句that...分離。(句中 Arrangements與定語to install...分離。(句中sketches與定語of peasants...分離。(詞組plunge與into分離。(句中的詞組turn to被隔開。s mother tongue and the foreign language he is learning.某些閱讀方法特別強(qiáng)調(diào)利用學(xué)生的本族語和所學(xué)外語之間的相似之處。) 6.否定句 1)否定的轉(zhuǎn)移 否定的轉(zhuǎn)移是指英語否定句在句中某一部分(常在謂語部分),但在語義上卻是否定另一部分的現(xiàn)象。例: (1)He doesn39。(否定轉(zhuǎn)移到because引起的原因狀語從句。t seem very enthusiastic about the suggestion.他好像對這個(gè)建議不大熱情。) 2)否定轉(zhuǎn)移的基本類型 英語中的否定形式錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜,否定的部分可以是全句的任何成分。例: He doesn39。 B.否定形式在謂語部分,但語義是否定狀語或狀語從句。t move round in empty space.地球并不是處在空無一物的空間中運(yùn)行。 (3)Neither believe nor reject anything because any other person has rejected or believed it.對任何事情不要因?yàn)閯e人相信而相信,也不要因?yàn)閯e人否定而否定。此類結(jié)構(gòu)常見的謂語動(dòng)詞有appear,feel,sound,taste,seem,smell等。t seem as if it is going to rain.好像天不會(huì)下雨。例: I never knew him to carry money because he never had any use of it.我知道他身上從不帶錢,因?yàn)樗麖牟恍枰X。例: He found no delight in reading the book.看書,他感到并不愉快。否定可以轉(zhuǎn)移,也可以不轉(zhuǎn)移。 (2)Nobody will listen to him.No one knows where he lives.沒有人會(huì)聽他的話。 G.“否定主句+肯定式方式從句”中,主句和從句意思正好相反。 (2)It39。 3)部分否定 在多數(shù)情況下,not在否定句中與every,each,both,always, much,many,often等詞連用時(shí),表示部分否定,譯成漢語時(shí)可譯為“不全是”,“未必都”,“并非”等。 (2)Honesty is not always the best policy.誠實(shí)未必永遠(yuǎn)是上策。t need both(the)dictionaries.這兩本詞典我并不是都需要。 (5)Everything doesn39。 4)雙重否定 下列短語具有雙重否定的意義:not...but what,nothing(else) but只不過是,不外是,can not but(后接省去to的動(dòng)詞不定式)不得不,只好,can not choose /help but +Ving不得不,哪能不,只好 (1)There is no law that has not exceptions.凡事都有例外。 (3)There is nothing for it but to lay emphasis on its importance. 對這件事只能強(qiáng)調(diào)其重要性。 (5)I can not but bring the matter to their notice.我不得不把這個(gè)問題提請他們注意。 5)含有否定意義的詞匯與結(jié)構(gòu) A.含有否定意義的詞: 含否定意義的動(dòng)詞:fail(+to V.),miss,lack(in),ignore, withhold,refrain(from),neglect,deny,overlook,exclude 含否定意義的名詞:absence,failure,refusal,ignorance,neglect,exclusion 含否定意義的形容詞:few+n.(C),little,last,free(from),far(from),short(from),safe(from) 含否定意義的副詞:little,otherwise,too...(to),seldom , hardly,scarcely,rarely 含否定意義的介詞:above,beneath,below,out(of),except,beyond,instead(of),past,without 含否定意義的連詞:unless,before,or(表轉(zhuǎn)折) 以上英語詞匯用在某些特定的語境中具有否定的含義,翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)按照漢語習(xí)慣處理,恰如其分地譯出來。 (2)She is the last person I want to see.我最不想見到她。 (4)He is above telling a lie.他屑于說謊。 (6)Its beneath you to argue with him .你犯不上同他辯論。 (2)I went too late to see him.我去得太晚了,沒見到他。 (4)I think Tom,rather than you,is to blame.我認(rèn)為該受責(zé)備的是湯姆,而不是你。 (6)The fact is quite other than what you think.事實(shí)與你想的完全不同。(禍不單行) (8)The animals are safer from attack in the zoo than they are in the wild,but are not as happy.動(dòng)物在動(dòng)物園里比在野外安全,較少受到攻擊,但并不快樂。因此,很有必要熟悉英語中表示比較與對照的句子結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn),這樣才能在翻譯此類句子時(shí)得心應(yīng)手。當(dāng)more / less...than用在同一人做兩種不同性質(zhì)的比較時(shí),應(yīng)譯為“與其說……不如說”。 分析:該句的主要結(jié)構(gòu)是:There is more agreement on...than there is(agreement省略)on...them.在than引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句中 how to interpret or classify them是由how +不定式組成的名詞詞組,作介詞on的賓語,them指代kinds of behavior。 分析:該句中believe之后的賓語從句主要結(jié)構(gòu)是:fifty doses...will produce a cure fifty times as fast as a single dose...。as fast as是一個(gè)比較結(jié)構(gòu)。s character not being tested)is roughly parable to criticizing a thermometer for not measuring wind velocity.批評智力測驗(yàn)不測試孩子的性格等情況,猶如批評溫度計(jì)不測風(fēng)速一樣。根據(jù)上下文,句中的it指上文中的 intelligence test,即智力測驗(yàn),such failur