【正文】 ) do sth 請(qǐng)求…request sth from / of sb 向某人請(qǐng)求某物It is requested that… 據(jù)要求…eg: He was there at the request of his manager. She requested that no one (should) be told of her decision.You are requested not to smoke in the restaurant.常用虛擬語氣的動(dòng)詞口訣：一堅(jiān)持insist；二命令order，mand；三建議advise，suggest，propose；四要求ask，demand，request，require。 (from)… / prevent…。 (from)…/ ban…。辨析because of / owing to / due to / on account of / thanks to：這五個(gè)短語都有“由于、因?yàn)椤钡囊馑迹际墙樵~短語，因此后面不可接從句。 owing to與because of一樣，也強(qiáng)調(diào)因果關(guān)系，作表語或狀語。作狀語時(shí)與owing to同義，但due to一般不置于句首?？勺鳡钫Z、表語。eg: Liu Xiang gave up the petition because of his injury. The game was cancelled owing to heavy rain. The team’s success was largely due to her efforts. It was a great success — thanks to a lot of hard work.8. e up 走近；上來；發(fā)芽；發(fā)生；被提出；（太陽、月亮等）升起e up with 想出；提出e about 發(fā)生e across 穿過(路、橋)；偶遇；偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)(=e upon)e along 一道來；一起去；進(jìn)步；趕快e back 回來；記起e on (風(fēng)、雨等)到來；(演員)出場；趕快；得了吧e out 出版；出來，出現(xiàn)；結(jié)果是e to 蘇醒；總計(jì)；達(dá)到；談到eg: The daffodils are just beginning to e up. The subject came up in conversation. She came up with a new idea for increasing sales.注：e up含有“被提出”之意，以物作主語，此時(shí)不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；而e up with意為“提出，想出”，其主語是人。通常放在被列舉的事物的前面以及需要說明的事物的后面，意思是“比如；諸如…之類的”，也與like互換，as后面不能有逗號(hào)。 that is是后面列舉的事物的總量等于它前面所提到的總和，相當(dāng)于namely，意思是“即，也就是說”。eg: Wild flowers such as orchids and primroses are being rare. It is possible to bine Computer Science with other subjects, for example, Physics. We discussed everything — when to go, what to see and so on.10. play a role / part in 在…中擔(dān)任角色；在…中起作用play an important role / part in 在…方面起重要作用play the role of sb = play / act the part of sb （在劇中）扮演某人的角色play the leading role 起主要（帶頭）作用eg: Clowns play an important role in a circus. She plays an active part in local politics. The media play a major role in influencing people’s opinions.11. Today, more people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before. more than + 數(shù)詞，表示“超過，多于”。 more than + 形容詞 / 副詞，表示“非常，十分”，與very同義。此時(shí)，從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞必須是及物動(dòng)詞，并且與句子的主語為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。 no more than = only意為“只有，僅僅”；not more than常用于數(shù)詞之前，意為“至多，不超過”，其意義相當(dāng)于at（the）most。2. persuade vt. 勸說；說服persuade sb to do sth = persuade sb into doing sth說服某人做某事persuade sb not to do sth = persuade sb out of doing sth說服某人不做某事try to persuade sb to do sth (= advise sb to do sth)盡力勸說某人做某事（但未勸服）persuade sb of sth 使某人相信…persuasive adj. 有說服力的；令人信服的persuasion n. 說服；信服；信念辨析advise / persuade：advise表示“勸告”的動(dòng)作，不看結(jié)果，而persuade強(qiáng)調(diào)“已經(jīng)說服”；advise既可接動(dòng)詞的ing形式作賓語，也可接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句（必須用虛擬語氣should + 動(dòng)詞原形），而persuade不能。vi. 決定；確定；（使）下定決心determine + n. / pron. 決（確）定determine to do sth 決定做某事（表示動(dòng)作，非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞短語）determine on / upon… 決定…determine that / what… 決定…determine sb to do sth 使某人決定做某事determine sb against sth 使某人決定不做某事be determined to do sth 決心做某事（表示狀態(tài)可與表示時(shí)間段的狀語連用）determined adj. 堅(jiān)決的，有決心的determination n. 決心eg: We determined to leave at once. His advice determined me to delay no more. I am determined to find out who is responsible for this.注：determine to do sth在詞義上等于be determined to do sth。類似的短語還有：prepare for / be prepared for， worry about / be worried about。4. view n. 風(fēng)景；視野；觀點(diǎn)；見解 vt. 觀看；注視；考慮in one’s view 在某人看來e into view 進(jìn)入視野，看得見in full view (of sb / sth) 完全看得見in view of sth 鑒于，考慮到，由于with a view to sth / to doing sth 為了，指望eg: We take the view that it would be wrong to interfere.How do you view your position in the pany?In view of the weather, we will cancel the outing.5. change one’s mind 改變主意make up one’s mind 下決心，決定bear / keep…in mind 記住have…in mind 考慮；打算call / bring sth to mind 回憶起某事fix one’s mind upon 把注意力集中在…be of one / the same mind 對(duì)…意見一致be out of one’s mind 發(fā)狂，發(fā)瘋eg: Have you made up your minds where to go for your honeymoon?She couldn’t call to mind where she had seen him before.He will bear the beautiful girl in mind forever.6. give in 屈服；投降；讓步；上交give in to sb 對(duì)某人讓步give away 贈(zèng)送；泄露；出賣give back 歸還give off 放出；散發(fā)出（液體、氣體、氣味、能量、熱量、光、聲音）give out 分發(fā)；用完，筋疲力盡give up 放棄；停止；認(rèn)輸；把…送交give over 移交give way to 給…讓路；對(duì)…讓步eg: The authorities have shown no signs of giving in to the kidnappers’ demands.He gave away most of his money to charity.After a month their food supplies gave out.7. When I told her the air would be hard to breathe and it would be very cold, she said it would be an interesting experience. 在“主語 + 系動(dòng)詞 + 形容詞 + 不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。 不定式作定語時(shí)，當(dāng)在句子中能找到不定式的邏輯主語且不定式與其所修飾的名詞構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，這時(shí)不定式可用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。疑問詞ever和no matter + 疑問詞 whatever，whichever，whoever，whomever可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，也可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。 wherever，whenever，however常引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，可以換成no matter where / when / how，可以防在主句前或后。這時(shí)，however起雙重作用，一是引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，二是修飾某一個(gè)形容詞或副詞，而這個(gè)形容詞或副詞要緊接在它之后。vi. （使）爆裂；（使）裂開；突然出現(xiàn)；爆發(fā)