衛(wèi)生與職業(yè)安全ppt課件-在線瀏覽
2025-05-09 01:50本頁面
【正文】 發(fā)生歷史最大的一次瘟疫 諾瓦克 (norovirus)病毒 ? 秋田市政府職員食用了一飯館在 11日至 13日加工的外賣盒飯后，從 12日起陸續(xù)有 52名職員出現(xiàn)嘔吐和腹瀉的中毒癥狀。在 14日夜，當(dāng)?shù)匦l(wèi)生防疫部門檢測出了諾瓦克病毒。大館市衛(wèi)生防疫部門也在 16日從 14名中毒人員的排瀉物中檢測出了諾瓦克病毒。 ? 日本國立傳染病研究所表示，根據(jù)全國約 3000個醫(yī)療機構(gòu)上報的數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計，截止到 12月 3日，全國共有 65638人感染疫情，平均每個醫(yī)療機構(gòu)收治 患者。 ?近年來，集體性諾沃克病毒性胃腸炎暴發(fā)疫情在歐洲、亞洲、澳洲等地也頻頻出現(xiàn)。 對付 “ 諾瓦克 ” 的絕招 ——洗手再洗手 After petting a dog or cat Before handling or eating food After coughing or sneezing After using the bathroom in your home After changing a diaper After handling money After using a public restroom Hand Washing Habits How Frequently Do Americans Say They Are Washing Their Hands? Always wash my hands (Usually wash my hands) – Total Sample – Q: I am going to read you a list of activities and I’d like you to tell me how often you make it a practice of washing your hands. How often do you wash your hands after… 2022 42% (16%) 2022 77% (14%) 2022 32% (23%) 2022 83% (10%) 2022 73% (4%) 2022 91% (6%) 2022 21% (18%) In 1846, Ignaz Semmelweis observed that women whose babies were delivered by students and physicians in the First Clinic at the General Hospital of Vienna consistently had a higher mortality rate than those whose babies were delivered by midwives in the Second Clinic. Perhaps because of the known deodorizing effect of chlorine pounds, as of May 1847, he insisted that students and physicians clean their hands with a chlorine solution between each patient in the clinic. The maternal mortality rate in the First Clinic subsequently dropped dramatically and remained low for years. 我院某科室醫(yī)院感染爆發(fā) 換能器內(nèi)液體 醫(yī)院感染中 MRSA的檢出率 : 1975 1997 Year Source: NNIS System Slide provided by Scott Fridkin, MD at CDC, HIP program MRSA % 2022/4/14 13 第 34屆美國醫(yī)院感染年會 APIC （ ~28, San Jose） 會議主題： 蓄勢勃發(fā)，革新感染預(yù)防 Get Plugged In to Innovation in Infection Prevention 三種導(dǎo)管相關(guān)感染的預(yù)防 ?盡早更換或拔除 ?做好日常導(dǎo)管護理工作 ?手部衛(wèi)生 洗手和無菌隔離技術(shù) ?觸摸 、 插入 、 更換或包扎血管內(nèi)導(dǎo)管的前 、后 ， 均要洗手 （ IA） ?插管或更換導(dǎo)管的覆蓋物 ， 均要戴手套（ IB） ?單純更換敷料 ， 不建議使用無菌手套 （ III） Hand Hygiene: Not a New Concept Semmelweis’ Hand Hygiene Intervention ~ Hand antisepsis reduces the frequency of patient infections ~ Adapted from: Hosp Epidemiol Infect Control, 2nd Edition, 1999. 洗手 ? 控制感染最有效、最方便、最經(jīng)濟的方法 ? 但要能夠經(jīng)常和適時的洗手 ? 什么時間洗手 ? ? 直接接觸病人前后； ? 摘手套后（戴手套不能代替洗手）； ? 不論是否戴手套，進行侵襲性操作前； ? 接觸體液或排泄物、粘膜、非完整皮膚或傷口敷料后； ? 護理病人從污染部位移到清潔部位時； ? 接觸緊鄰病人的物品后（包括醫(yī)療設(shè)備）； In 5 Years,
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