【正文】 ton. There is no time that we can waste. The car and its driver that knocked down the old lady have been taken to the police station. Summarize: 只能用 that引導(dǎo)定語從句的幾種情況 1)先行詞被 序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級 所修飾時(shí)。The Attributive Clause 定語從句 ： ： 、關(guān)系副詞： 在復(fù)合句中用來 用來修飾 名詞 或 代詞 的從句叫定語從句。 被定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞 （ antecedent）。 2）先行詞被 the only,the very,the same,the last修飾時(shí)。 5）先行詞既有 人 又有 物 時(shí)。 Where=in/at/on/…+which。 請比較以下句子： ? This is the park that we visited last year.(從句意思不完整需要加賓語 ) This is the park where we held a birthday party.（從句完整，只需加上特定的關(guān)系副詞） ? That’s the date that she won’t fet for ever. That’s the date when we went to the college. ? I like the time that we had together. I like the time when we lived together. 限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句 定義： 限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的修飾成分，否則主句的意思不完整或不成立。 Compare the following sentences: A man who does not try to learn from others can’t achieve much. There’re many plays (that) I’d like to see. This note was left by Xiao Wu, who was just here. Yesterday Mr Brown paid a visit to Hangzhou, which is famous for its West Lake. They have invited me to visit their country, which is very kind of them. Summarize: 1. 限制性定語從句常和先行詞緊密相連；非限制 性定語從句與先行詞之間常用逗號分開。 。 ____ are doctors. A. whom B. them C. they D. who A D B C Practice: is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. (2022) B. As C. That D. What made another wonderful discovery, ________ of great importance to science. (1998) A. which I think is I think it is C. which I think it D. I think which is shall never fet those years ______ I lived in the country with the farmers, __________ has a great effect on my life. (1994 上海 ) A. that。 which 。 who B A B ? Correct mistakes for the following sentences. ? 1. Under the big tree are 34 students, many of them e from class two. ? 2. My mother has a good book, which cover looks terrible. ? 3. Who are the young girls who are having dinner in the restaurant? ? 4. She is one of the girls who is very interested in maths. ? 5. Tom is the only one of the boys who like playing football. ? 6. Who is the girl that you talked to her just now? ? 7. This is the very pen that you gave it to me before. ? 8. There is an old woman, that is holding a stick. whom whose that are likes 去掉 her 去掉 it who 主動表示被動： 1. 某些感官動詞和系動詞加形容詞可以表示被動意義，如 look, smell, taste, feel, prove, wear, sound等 1) The flower smells sweet. 2) The dish tastes delicious. 3) The cloth feels very soft. 4) The stones have worn smooth. 2. 某些及物動詞后加副詞（有些可不加副詞）表示事物固有的屬性或特征 ,也可以表示被動意義，如 wash, write, sell, read, open, cut, lock, peel, pack, play, shut, spot, split, strike, record, act, clean, draw, iron, keep, photograph等 1) This type of recorder sells well. 2) That kind of shirt washes very well. 3) Ripe apples peel easily. 4) The plays won’t act. 5) Nylon dries quickly. 6) The novel reads well. 7) The door opens with difficulty. 8) The wood won’t burn. 9) Water heats rapidly. 10) This kind of shirt cleans easily. 11) Her coat caught in the door/ on the nail. ? 比較： 1. The box doesn’t lock. 這個(gè)箱子鎖不上。（箱子當(dāng)時(shí)的狀態(tài)） 3. The theory proved to be correct. 那個(gè)理論證明是正確的。（被人證明） 3. want, need, require,和 be worth等詞的后面可以用動名詞的主動形式表示被動意義。 這規(guī)則需要下 點(diǎn)功夫才能學(xué)會。 1. The box is too heavy to lift. 2. She is easy to approach. 3. The fish is not fit to eat. 4. He is hard to please. 5. The passage is difficult to read. 6. The jewel is too expensive to buy. There are a lot of work to do/ to be done. There are a lot of work for us to do. The Passive Voice 被動語態(tài) 了解被動語態(tài) 被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成： be+ 形式 : 1） 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)： am/is/are+ ，主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài) 2) 一般過去時(shí)： was/were+ 3) 情態(tài)動詞 +be+ 4) 一般將來時(shí)： will +be + 5) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)： have/has+been+ 6) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)： is/am/are+being+ are grown in Hainan.(海南種植香焦。） the trees planted by ？ trees must be looked after. (必須照看好小樹） 5. The building is being built. (那棟樓房正在建設(shè)中。） teaches English in our school. English is taught in our school by him. 語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換 賓提前變主，主變介by賓，被動 be加 done,時(shí)態(tài)看主動 planted many trees last years. Many trees were planted by us last year. 過去時(shí)的被動語態(tài)： was/were+ should plant many more trees. Many more trees should be planted by us. 含情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)： 情態(tài)動詞 +be +PP will teach Class 6. Class 6 will be taught by her. 將來時(shí)的被動語態(tài)： Will/shall+be +PP 5. Many countries have sent up satellites into space. Satellites have been sent up into space by many countries . 完成時(shí)的被動語 : Have/has+been +PP 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動語態(tài)： is+being+pp is teaching Class 6. Class 6 is being taught by her. I was given a book by her. A book was given to me by her. gave me a book. 如 遇雙賓語，最好變間賓，如若變直賓，間賓前 to/for（ pass,lend,buy,write,bring, show,tell… ） made me do the work. I was made to do the work by him. 這些動詞真奇怪，主動句中 to 離開，被動句中 to回 來。 1Stamps______by people for sending letters. used. old people_____to politely? spoke spoken 3. Bike mustn’t_____everywhere. up put woman fell off the bike and ____on the road. lain lain D D B A old man and the children_____in our country. take good care . be take good care of take good care of Dmust be taken good care of trees must_____well when it is dry. water watered think the shop_____________. __No,it’s open. It_____________at six. A. close, close B closed, closed 。 1. We can finish the work in two days. The work _____ _____ _____ in two days. 2. They produce silk in Suzhou. Silk __ _________ in Suzhou. 3. The children will sing an English song.