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風(fēng)險與風(fēng)險管理(2)-在線瀏覽

2025-02-26 07:08本頁面
  

【正文】 Risk Management) ? 風(fēng)險管理( Risk management) : 是指各經(jīng)濟單位通過對風(fēng)險的識別、衡量和分析,并在此基礎(chǔ)上選擇各種有效的風(fēng)險管理工具綜合處置風(fēng)險,以最小成本實現(xiàn)最大安全保障的科學(xué)管理方法。 ? Risk management is a structured approach to managing uncertainty related to a threat, a sequence of human activities including: risk assessment, strategies development to manage it, and mitigation of risk using managerial resources. ? The objective of risk management is to reduce different risks related to a preselected domain to the level accepted by society. 二、風(fēng)險管理的基本程序 ( Steps in Risk Management Process ) ? 風(fēng)險管理的基本程序分為以下幾個步驟 ? 1. 目標(biāo)的確立( Establish the context) ? 2. 風(fēng)險識別( Risk identification) ? 3. 風(fēng)險估測( risk assessment) ? 4. 選擇對付風(fēng)險的方法( Potential risk treatments) ? 5. 制定風(fēng)險管理計劃( Create a risk management plan) ? 6. 計劃的實施( Implementation) ? 7. 風(fēng)險管理效果評估( Review and evaluation of the management plan) ? (一)風(fēng)險識別 ( risk identification) ? 風(fēng)險識別,是指經(jīng)濟單位對所面臨的、以及潛在的風(fēng)險,加以判斷、歸類和鑒定風(fēng)險性質(zhì)的過程。 risk assessment) ? 風(fēng)險估測是指在風(fēng)險識別的基礎(chǔ)上,運用用概率論和數(shù)理統(tǒng)計方法對所收集的、大量的詳細損失資料加以分析,估計和預(yù)測風(fēng)險發(fā)生的概率(頻率)和損失幅度。 ? (四)風(fēng)險管理效果評價 ( review and evaluation of the management plan) ? 風(fēng)險管理效果評價,是指對風(fēng)險管理工具的適用性及其收益性情況進行分析、檢查、修正與評估的過程。 ? 這是一種消極的處理方法,通常在兩種情況下才使用: ? 1)某風(fēng)險所致?lián)p失頻率和損失程度相當(dāng)高時。 ? Risk avoidance includes not performing an activity that could carry risk. ? 2. 風(fēng)險的預(yù)防與抑制 ( risk reduction; loss prevention and control): 是指在損失發(fā)生前、發(fā)生時或之后為縮小損失程度而采取的各種措施。 ? It involves accepting or retaining the risk when it occurs. Simply stated, to accept a risk is to assume all financial responsibility for that risk. ? 2. 風(fēng)險轉(zhuǎn)移 / 轉(zhuǎn)嫁 ( risk transference):是指一方將自己面臨的風(fēng)險轉(zhuǎn)嫁給他人承擔(dān)。 ? 2)非保險轉(zhuǎn)移 : ? 出讓轉(zhuǎn)移:適用于投機風(fēng)險(股票) ? 合同轉(zhuǎn)移:適用于企業(yè)將具有風(fēng)險的生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營活動承包給對方,并在合同中明確規(guī)定有對方承擔(dān)風(fēng)險損失的賠償責(zé)任。 ? An insurable risk is a risk that meets the ideal criteria for efficient insurance. The concept of insurable risk underlies nearly all insurance decisions. ? For a risk to be insurable, several things need to be true: ? ? The insurer must be able to charge a premium high enough to cover not only claims expenses, but also to cover the insurer39。 or must be Accidental Loss.) ? The event that constitutes the trigger of a claim should be fortuitous(偶然的) , or at least outside the control of the beneficiary of the insurance. ? 2. 風(fēng)險是純粹損失風(fēng)險 ( The loss should be PURE ) ? The loss should be ‘ pure,’ in the sense that it results from an event for which there is only the opportunity for cost. Events that contain speculative elements, such as ordinary business risks, are generally not considered insurable. ? 3. 風(fēng)險具有經(jīng)濟上的可行性 ( The loss should be large or significant) ? The size of the loss must be meaningful from the perspec
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