【正文】 s research Caries Vaccine Etiology amp。Cariology and Endodontics A discipline to study the etiology, pathogenic mechanism, pathology, pathologyphysiology,clinical expression,treatment and favorable turn etc. of the disease on dental hard tissue and pulp tissue. The content of the textbook ? Cariology ? Noncariogenic disease of dental hard tissue ? Endodontics ? Operative dentistry History In 50’s years Oral medicine ?Cariology ?Operative dentistry ?Endodontics ?Noncariogenic disease of dental hard tissue ?Disease of Oral mucosa ?Preventive dentistry ?Periodontology ?Paediatrics for dentistry Stomatology in ancient times Before Christ (.) There were some record about caries ?Image liking character (script) ? worm + tooth The chinese were known to have treated dental ills with knife, cautery, and acupuncture, a technique whereby they punctured different areas of the body with a needle. In Dynasty Han (~282) There are some record about periodontology Anno Domini Pulpitis In Han, Mr. Zhang Zhong Jing 《 Jin Gui Yao lue》 was a very famous writings in which there was a record about arsenic Arsenic is a toxicant medicine which has been generally used for killing pulp In Dynasty Tang (~10 era) the people use silver paste to fill tooth decay In Tang, tooth brush with willow twig a toothbrush with hair planted was invented in ~11 century from a tomb of an emperor`s soninlaw of Liao from Chi Fong city 3 events above described reflected ancient civilization of our country Dentistry development in West country The first known dentist was an Egyptian named Hesire (3000 B. C.). He was chief toothist to the pharaohs, he was also a physician, indicating an association between medicine and dentistry. The Greeks Hippocrates (500 B. C.) appreciated the importance of teeth. He accurately described the technique for reducing a fracture of the jaw and also replacing a dislocated mandible. He was familiar with extraction forceps for this is mentioned in one of his writings. Aristotle (384 .) also stated figs and soft sweets produce decay. Galen (200A. D. Romans) was first to recognize that toothache could be: Pulpitis or pericementitis He also classified teeth into centrals, cuspids and molars. B. Leonardo da Vinci (end of 15th Century) he described the anatomy of the jaws, teeth and maxillary sinus. These drawings are the first to accurately describe the maxillary sinus. However, credit has been given to Dr. Nathaniel Highmore of England (1650). D. Leeuwenhoek (17th Century) invented the microscope. He described the dental tubuli and was the first to see anisms of the mouth Anton van leeuwenhoek K. John Greenwood (1789) dentures for Gee Washington were made by him. a red laser scans Gee Washington39。s false teeth not wooden Laser scans find gold, ivory, lead, human and animal teeth L. Pierre Fauchard (18th Century 1728) Father of Scientific Dentistry. Wrote a great text Surgeon Dentist. He also wrote a plete work on Odontology in two volumes, 843 pages. He recognized the intimate relationship between oral conditions and general health. He advocated the use of lead to fill cavities. He removed all decay and if the pulp was exposed, he used the cautery. Musee d39。 prevention ? Pulp disease Modern root canal traitment ? Pulp biology Stem cell – final target Achievements Craniofacialoraldental research in the century 21st The leadership team of NIDR initiated a strategic planning process in 1999 to identify Where we are (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) Where we want to go (., mission and vision) How we plan to get there (strategic plan) Several scientific areas will be concerned in century 21st From molecular biology to clinical investigations。grens syndrome. Chronic diseases of cranoraldental plex and other systemic diseases (., diabetes) Biomaterials, biomimetics and tissue engineering Biomaterials used for the repair, regeneration, restoration and reconstruction of craniofacialoraldental molecules,cells, tissues and ans The study of puter aid design (CAD) puter aid manufacture (CAM) for denture Behavior, health promotion and environment aimed at assessing the interactive roles of sociological, behavior, economic, environmental, geic, and biomedical factors in craniofacialoraldental diseases and disorders 1996— Diet and Oral Health Cariology is a discipline within Stomatology which deals with the plex interplaying between the oral fluids and the microbial deposits in relation to subsequent changes in the dental hard tissues. Several index have been used in dental caries Prevalence= No of the patients with caries No of the specific population in an area at risk of getting caries at that time Prevalence of caries: the total caries experience of a population in existence at a certain time in a designated area. Caries incidence is usually expressed as the number of new decayed teeth or surfaces pera period in a individual,group, or population. Incidence of caries DMF=Decayed teeth+Missing teeth+Filled teeth/Number of subjects examined DMFT ?If surface have been counted, then we refer to the score as DMFS ?If the teeth have been counted, then it is refer to as DMFT The DMFS or DMFT are often referred to as an “index” The distribution of dental caries in oral cavity Reducing tendency in developed country The DMFT prevalence of 12yearold children in the Nordic countries in the period ,Finland ,Norway and Sweden seem to follow the same downward trend, whereas Ic