電大最新組織行為學(xué)期末復(fù)習(xí)資料小抄全網(wǎng)最全答案-微縮精華打印版考試必備-在線瀏覽
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【正文】 等等，而對于小苗來說，他更需要的是尊重、自我實(shí)現(xiàn)、成就感，而公司對他的獎勵更是對他成長很好的促進(jìn)。（ 2）威恩解決矛盾的方法是可行的。（ 3）改善人 際關(guān)系一定要體現(xiàn)平等的原則、互利原則和相容的原則。這一過程啟發(fā)我們應(yīng)該依據(jù)人際交往的原則，運(yùn)用科學(xué)的方法，幫助下屬正確處理好人際關(guān)系方面的問題。（ 2）院長為什么要撤劉工的組長職務(wù)？請用領(lǐng)導(dǎo)素質(zhì)理論分析劉工的個人素質(zhì)特點(diǎn)。（ 5）這個案例對你有哪些啟示如何認(rèn)識領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者權(quán)力的來源 答：（ 1）由于程序缺乏公平，劉工缺乏管理能力，既想用權(quán)又想避免矛盾，引發(fā)沖突；又由于小組里形成以王工為首的非正式群體，帶來工作效率的下降，最后劉工放任自流，讓非正式群體占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位。（ 3）王工個人素質(zhì)特點(diǎn)：比較清高自負(fù)，群眾基礎(chǔ)不太好。（ 5）紅旗輕工設(shè)計(jì)院是一個走向市場、知識性員工聚集的企業(yè)，這樣的企業(yè)要求自身的獨(dú)創(chuàng)能力比較強(qiáng)，要求獨(dú)立意識比較高，這樣的企業(yè)尋求彼此尊重，尋求平等的支撐系統(tǒng)，企業(yè)尊重知識、人格和發(fā)明創(chuàng)造，對軟環(huán)境比對硬環(huán)境要求更高，這與其他技術(shù)含量低的企業(yè)的管理要求是不一樣的。 要求：請你分析為什么出現(xiàn)這種情況，并提出你的建議。試問職工們怎么能看到靠努力工作去晉升的前景呢？職工們只會向劉工下去巴結(jié)討好上司而不會去努力提高自己的業(yè)績了。劉工對組織本身就不負(fù)責(zé)任，還怎么能給予高位呢？ ③選拔制度 雖然選了劉工來填補(bǔ)這個空位，但院長的選拔依據(jù)僅僅是因?yàn)閯⒐?“聽話”，卻對劉工的其他方面知之甚少，院長本身對這個空位的職責(zé)也不大明確，為了一己之私利而做出的草率的決定。 從材料上看，設(shè)計(jì)院并沒有對劉工進(jìn)行必要的管理知識方面的培訓(xùn)，而事實(shí)證明劉工確實(shí)不符合這個空缺的要求，特別是他不懂得安撫員工、缺乏包容性、違背組織利益報(bào)私仇等不利組織穩(wěn)步發(fā)展的缺點(diǎn)。這回劉工誰也沒告訴，當(dāng)仁不讓，悄悄地自己一個人去。 ，組織目標(biāo)不明確 就去美國這件事情來說，在大家都可以去的情況下，派高工去的成本是最低的，而事實(shí)上是派了李工去，主管根本不考慮成本問題，無視組織利益；職工們在工作時間做別的事，也是對組織文化的一種不認(rèn)同；還有劉工對李工無法 順利進(jìn)行工作的態(tài)度也是對組織文化的一種挑戰(zhàn)，職工們沒有達(dá)成一種對組織創(chuàng)造利潤的共識。 個人建議： ，做到選拔有根有據(jù)，并讓職工認(rèn)同自己的主管； ，讓其與組織文化相融合，適應(yīng)不斷變化的工作環(huán)境； ，制訂有效的獎懲職工行為的制度措施，提高員工的工作效率，提高組織的競爭力； ，讓制度占主導(dǎo)地位，并與人情相結(jié)合，降低內(nèi)耗成本。改革后的組織結(jié)構(gòu)是典型的直線職能結(jié)構(gòu)：他包含了直線關(guān)系、參謀和委員會，管理層次分明，且具有集中領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，便于調(diào)配人力、財(cái)力和物力；職責(zé)分明，有利于提高辦事效率；秩序井然，使整個組織有教高穩(wěn)定性的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。（ 2） 唐文改革組織結(jié)構(gòu)可能遇到以下問題：① 來自公司上下員工觀念上的阻力；② 因地位變化產(chǎn)生的阻力；③ 來自人們的生活習(xí)慣方面的阻力；④ 來自社會環(huán)境方面的阻力，如人們的職責(zé)或批評等。 content is 請您刪除一下內(nèi)容， O(∩ _∩ )O 謝謝！?。?2021 年中央電大期末復(fù)習(xí)考試小抄大全，電大期末考試必備小抄，電大考試必過小抄 Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter released from nerve endings (terminals) in both the peripheral and the central nervous systems. It is synthesized within the nerve terminal from choline, taken up from the tissue fluid into the nerve ending by a specialized transport mechanism. The enzyme necessary for this synthesis is formed in the nerve cell body and passes down the axon to its end, carried in the axoplasmic flow, the slow movement of intracellular substance (cytoplasm). Acetylcholine is stored in the nerve terminal, sequestered in small vesicles awaiting release. When a nerve action potential reaches and invades the nerve terminal, a shower of acetylcholine vesicles is released into the junction (synapse) between the nerve terminal and the ‘effector’ cell which the nerve activates. This may be another nerve cell or a muscle or gland cell. Thus electrical signals are converted to chemical signals, allowing messages to be passed between nerve cells or between nerve cells and nonnerve cells. This process is termed ‘chemical neurotransmission’ and was first demonstrated, for nerves to the heart, by the German pharmacologist Loewi in 1921. Chemical transmission involving acetylcholine is known as ‘cholinergic’. Acetylcholine acts as a transmitter between motor nerves and the fibres of skeletal muscle at all neuromuscular junctions. At this type of synapse, the nerve terminal is closely apposed to the cell membrane of a muscle fibre at the socalled motor end plate. On release, acetylcholine acts almost instantly, to cause a sequence of chemical and physical events (starting with depolarization of the motor endplate) which cause contraction of the muscle fibre. This is exactly what is required for voluntary muscles in which a rapid response to a mand is required. The action of acetylcholine is terminated rapidly, in around 10 milliseconds。 in response to activation of this nerve supply, smooth muscle contracts (notably in the gut), the frequency of heart beat is slowed, and glands secrete. Acetylcholine is also an important transmitter at many sites in the brain at nervetonerve synapses. To understand how acetylcholine brings about a variety of effects in different cells it is necessary to understand membrane receptors. In postsynaptic membranes (those of the cells on which the nerve fibres terminate) there are many different sorts of receptors and some are receptors for acetylcholine. These are protein molecules that react specifically with acetylcholine in a reversible fashion. It is the plex of receptor bined with acetylcholine which brings about a biophysical reaction, resulting in the response from the receptive cell. Two major types of acety
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