【正文】
on)以及必須跟有什么樣的補足成分如賓語、補語、狀語等,分為及物動詞 ( Transitive Verb)、 不及物動詞 ( Intransitive Verb) 和連系動詞 ( Linking Verb)。 例如 : John is playing cricket. Mark researched his topic thoroughly. 有些及物動詞可帶有雙賓語,即間接賓語 ( Indirect Object) 和直接賓語 ( Direct Object)。例如: The jury found the defender not guilty. You should keep the room clean all the time. 有些及物動詞在一定上下文中不僅須帶賓語,而且賓語之后還須帶狀語。例如: The president is speaking. The hunter suddenly stopped. He heard a noise in the bushes. 但是,有些不及物動詞在一定上下文中,其后須帶狀語,否則意義不完全。例如: The capital of the United States was once New York City. That sounds like a good idea. 以上三類動詞的劃分并不是絕對的,許多動詞都有跨類現(xiàn)象:在一種上下文中是及物動詞,在另一種上下文中卻是不及物動詞或連系動詞。 動態(tài)動詞是表示運動狀態(tài)的動詞,而靜態(tài)動詞則是表示一種相對靜止狀態(tài)的動詞。 這類動詞既可用于非進行體,也可用于進行體。這類動詞也是既可用于非進行體,也可用于進行體。這類動詞可用一般現(xiàn)在時表示說話時正在進行的短暫動作,若用進行體則表示短暫動作的 不斷重復(fù) 。例如: He opened the door and ran out of the house. He was opening and closing the door to make sure that it worked properly. b)靜態(tài)動詞 靜態(tài)動詞表示存在于現(xiàn)在時或過去的一種狀態(tài)。這類動詞,按詞匯意義,又可分為 4小類:第一類時用作主動詞的 be和 have(作 “ 有 ” 解)。例如: This rule applies to (= is applicable to) everyone. This house belongs to my brother (= is my brother’s property). French differs from (= is different from) English in having gender for all nouns. The auditorium holds (= has a capacity for) 2021 people. 第三類是表示 感覺 的動詞,如 feel, hear, see, smell,taste等。例如: I believe we have met before. Jim knows Chinese. We understand your difficulty. How I wish I could visit the Grand Canyon! 如前所述,靜態(tài)動詞的最主要語法特征是不用于進行體,若用進行體往往會改變含義,即變成了動態(tài)動詞。比較: He resembles his father. He is resembling his father (= is being more and more like his father) as the years go by. This camera costs 140 dollars. This mistake is costing us dearly (= is bringing great injury to us). 又例如,當表示感覺的動詞用于表示主動含義時,便是動態(tài)動詞,比較: I (can) feel a pin in it somewhere. / I’m feeling (摸) this cushion. I (can) taste pepper in it / I’m tasting(品嘗) this soup. see和 hear用于進行體也通常改變意義。例如: My foot aches / is aching. I don’t feel / am not feeling very tired. 表示心理或情感狀態(tài)的動詞用于進行體時通常改變含義: Be quiet. I’m thinking (= giving thought to a problem). Surely you are imaging things (= entertaining or indulging yourself with ill