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雙相不銹鋼脈沖激光焊接焊縫金屬顯微組織的發(fā)展畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯-在線瀏覽

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【正文】 ge value of 313 HV. Fig. 4 Mic rohardness pro?le along the transverse c ross sec tion of the w eld in different travel speeds The microhardness measurement was carried out on a number of transverse cross sections of weld specimens with various overlap factors. The result of 7 hardness surveys is shown in Fig. 4. Basically, the hardness at the center of the weld pool is higher than that of the spots near the fusion line. Higher hardness at the weld center can be due to the higher volume fraction of ferrite phase in this region. Conclusion The results of pulsed Nd:YAG laser welding DSS are summarized as following: In pulsed laser welding, an interesting range of microstruc tures is formed. DSS provided an opportunity to enhance the understanding of how the solidi?cation patterns and the resulting microstructures can develop. When the weld spots do not overlap each other much, two distinct zones of solidi?cation can be identi?ed. One zone is formed under the in?uence of heat extraction directly to the base metal, while the second one is formed under the in?uence of heat extraction to the previous weld spot. Proximity to each of these two heat transfer channels and the presence of any strong preferred growth direction of the grains inherited through epitaxial nucleation determines the solidi?cation pattern at any point. At low overlaps, these two zones appear consecutively in the middle part of the weld. By increasing the overlapping, the solidi?cation pattern governed by heat extraction to the previous weld spot can form continuously without disruption leading to an array of axial grains in the middle. The cooling rates involved in pulsed laser welding of DSS can be so high that the formation of austenite from ferrite can be limited to grain boundaries resulting in an observation that some regions with a higher cooling rate may have slightly higher ?nal austenite contents. References . Lippold and . Kotecki, Welding Metallurgy and Weldability of Stainless Steels, Wiley amp。 m, Austenite Reformation in the Heat Affected Zone of Duplex Stainless Steel 2205, Mater. Sci. Eng., 2021, A418, p 250– 256 . Berglund and P. Wilhelmsson, Fabrication and Practical Experience of Duplex Stainless Steels, Mater. Des., 1989, 10, p 23– 28 . Bala Srinivasan, V. Muthupandi, V. Sivan, P. Bala Srinivasan, 8 and W. Dietzel, Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of Shielded Metal Arc Welded Dissimilar Joints Comprising Duplex Stainless Steel and Low Alloy Steel, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2021, 15(6), p 758– 764 . Kordatos, G. Fourlaris, and G. Papadimitriou, The Effect of Cooling Rate on the Mechanical and Corrosion Properties of SAF2205 (UNS 31803) Duplex Stainless Steel Welds, Scripta Mater., 2021, 44, p 401– 408 . Ku, . Ho, and . Tjong, Properties of Electron Beam Welded SAF 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 1997, 63(1997), p 770– 775 . Huang, L. Kang, and X. Ma, Microstructure and Phase Composition of a LowPower YAG LaserMAG Welded Stainless Steel Joint, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2021, 17(6), p 928– 935 . Pekkarinen and V. Kujanpa168。 , The Effects of Laser Welding Parameters on the Microstructure of Ferritic and Duplex Stainless Steels Welds, Phys. Procedia, 2021, 5, p 517– 523 . Amigo, V. Bonache, L. Teruel, and A. Vicente, Mechanical Properties of Duple Stainless Steel Laser Joints, Weld. Int., 2021, 20(5), p 361– 366 . Sabbaghzadeh, . Hamedi, F. Malek Ghaini, and . Torkamany, Effect of Process Parameters on Melting Ratio in Overlap Pulsed Laser Welding, Metall. Mater. Trans., 2021, 39B, p 340– 347 . Malek Ghaini, . Hamedi, . Torkamany, and J. Sabbaghzadehb, Weld Metal Microstructural Characteristics in Pulsed Nd:YAG Laser Welding, Scripta Mater., 2021, 56, p 955– 958 . Torkamany, . Hamedi, F. Malek, and J. Sabbaghzadeh, The Effect of Process Parameters on Keyhole Welding with a 400 W Nd:YAG Pulsed Laser, J. Phys., 2021, D39, p 4563– 4567 附錄 2 譯文 雙相不銹鋼脈沖激光焊接焊縫金屬顯微組織的發(fā)展 9 F. Mirakhorli, F. Malek Ghaini, and . Torkamany (Submitted October 30, 2021) 一種用釹( Nd)焊接的雙相不銹鋼金屬的顯微組織 :,研究在不同的行駛速度和脈沖頻率下的 YAG 脈沖激光。兩個相互競爭的傳熱通道的相對較冷的基體金屬與以前的焊點相對較熱的存在下,提出開發(fā)兩個區(qū)。區(qū)域中的較高的冷卻速率,在低重疊的因素,較高的百分比的鐵素體轉(zhuǎn)變成奧氏體。 關(guān)鍵詞 雙相不銹鋼的鋼,顯微組織,脈沖激光焊接,凝固 雙相不銹鋼( DSS)的廣泛使用,由于擁有耐蝕性和良好地機械性能的,所以廣泛用于石油化工和化學(xué)處理上。然而,產(chǎn)生的融合焊接過程中的微觀結(jié)構(gòu),可以顯著不同的,因為所 涉及的冷卻速率(參考文獻 35)??紤]在焊接過程中所涉及的相對較高的冷卻速率,在焊縫金屬和 HAZ 的顯微組織比母材中含有較多量的鐵素體相。已經(jīng)連續(xù)功率激光焊接的 DSS 合金與先前研究的主題(參考 810)。另一方面,脈沖激光可以提供進一步的控制,上電和熱輸入。 在本研究中,重點是關(guān)于評價的微觀結(jié)構(gòu)在不同的區(qū)域在焊縫金屬中的 DSS,并分析焊接移動速度和脈沖頻率的變化的效果。基體金屬 10 的化學(xué)成分列于表 1。 在激光焊接過程中,氬氣保護氣體與同軸噴嘴用于保護加熱的表面不被氧化。焊接的樣品中觀察到的橫截面,從三個不同的垂直方向(頂部,橫向和縱向)。變形基體金屬由 55%的鐵素體和 45%的奧氏體,通過圖像分析測量,所測得的 500 克負荷的平均硬度為 280 HV。 重疊系數(shù) ?計算由式( 1)(參考文獻 12, 13)。 毫米的激光光斑大小。正如從圖中觀察時,焊接點清楚地相互區(qū)分,特別在較低的重疊。另一方面,兩個脈沖之間的時間(或距離)減小時,前點的溫度仍可以是足夠高的范圍內(nèi),半固體的狀態(tài)是顯性的,下一個脈沖的溫度提高到一定程度,可以幾乎消失熔合線。具有低重疊因子,如圖所示。在此區(qū)域,外延以前區(qū)域出現(xiàn)了類似谷物核的中心生長。在這一部分中,晶界相對更精細,更鋸齒狀。在圖圖 2( a)中,這個區(qū)域被標記為 3 時,從凝固圖案的角度來看,它是第二區(qū)域的一部分。第一個路由是直接穿過側(cè)壁(與基體金屬的熔合線),而第二路徑是通過以前的焊點(連續(xù)的焊點之間的熔合線)。這兩個航線的熱提取熔池中的任何點的接近程度是占主導(dǎo)地位的散熱途徑,并凝固方向的決定因素之一。示于圖 1 區(qū)。此外,當焊點彼此重疊的廣泛,區(qū)域 2 幾乎完全消失,變成只限于兩個側(cè)壁毗鄰的窄帶。在這里,連續(xù)區(qū) 1 形成了明顯的擇優(yōu)取向,軸向的凝固模式中的晶粒形成的,如圖所示。作者都經(jīng)歷包括碳鋼,鋁合金,鈦,各種合金的脈沖激光焊接。這將是有趣的研究中獲得的知識,其他合金焊縫微 觀結(jié)構(gòu)。在區(qū)域 1 中的較大的晶粒尺寸是由于更高的有效的預(yù)熱溫度的熱逸出的物質(zhì),即,金屬本身已經(jīng)被熔融早一點。因此,區(qū)域 1 中的冷卻速度預(yù)期為較粗的微觀結(jié)構(gòu),得到的值相對較低。 3。如圖 1 所示,初始凝固的焊縫金屬的微觀結(jié)構(gòu),預(yù)計是完全鐵素體和奧氏體的過程中形成的固態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換。然而,在區(qū)域 1 和 2 中以 55%的重疊奧氏體的百分比進行測定,分別為 和 %。圖 3( a)及( b)表明,形成奧氏體的晶界是有限的。在這個意義上,區(qū)域 2 的材料,具有更精細的 凝固結(jié)構(gòu)提供了相對更優(yōu)惠的網(wǎng)站,而比鐵素體在冷卻過程中形成的奧氏體。 在這些區(qū)域的顯微硬度測定使用 500 克的負載。 10 HV,在比較,與區(qū)域 2 的硬度為 328177。這種較低的硬度可能是由于在微觀結(jié)構(gòu)中存在較高量的奧氏體 第 2 區(qū)。 Fig. 4 Microhardness pro?le along the transverse cross section of the weld in different travel speeds 對各種重疊因素的焊接試樣上的數(shù)量的橫截面的顯微硬度進行測定?;旧希谌鄢氐闹行牡挠捕雀哂谌酆暇€附近的斑點。 結(jié)論 脈沖 Nd: YAG 激光焊接 DSS 的結(jié)果總結(jié)如下: 脈沖激光焊接在微觀用 途范圍內(nèi)很有用途。 15 當焊接點不
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