【正文】 on unpredictable things ［ C］ should write more concise reports for technical journals ［ D］ should be confident about their research findings［ 1999年第 68 題］ B［正確答案］ “關(guān)鍵詞替換”是出現(xiàn)最頻繁的命題方式，幾乎每年都有一些用這種方式設(shè)置 的題目。考生在了解這些方式后，就可以 反其道而行之，利用這四種命題方式來(lái)檢查所選選項(xiàng)是否與原文重疊。 二、 主題原則 主旨題型又叫主題原則，主要針對(duì)文章主題設(shè)問(wèn)，考查考生對(duì)通 篇文章的理解 和把握，但是要特別注意和下面這種題型區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)。所以考生拿到這種題時(shí)，不 要急于去找答案，不論其出現(xiàn)在什么位置都把它作為最后一道題來(lái)做，因?yàn)樵? 做另外三道題時(shí)，無(wú)疑有助于加深對(duì)整個(gè)文章的理解。 主題題型分為以下兩種。此類題型相對(duì)難度較小。 alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to ment on their disanized bosses. Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses39。s God” came the reply, “but sometimes he thinks he39。ll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman39。t attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoat like the Post Office or the telephone system. If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it bees more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off_the_cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often it39。t succeed, give up” or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatements. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor. The best title for the text may be . ［ A］ Use Humor Effectively ［ B］ Various Kinds of Humor ［ C］ Add Humor to Speech ［ D］ Different Humor Strategies［ 2020年 45題］ A［正確答案］ 應(yīng)用這 12大原則，以求達(dá)到事半功倍的效果 我自己的 blog 里面有我自己的作文練習(xí)，歡迎各位給 我指正 202015 14:44:00 ■編輯 ( 0 ) ( 0 ) zphou ： 等級(jí)： 文章： 43 滬元： 720 經(jīng)驗(yàn)： 375 門派：英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者 注冊(cè)： 2020826 悄悄話 網(wǎng)上商店 好友 信息 帖子集 轉(zhuǎn)帳 引用回復(fù) 直接回復(fù) 第 2樓 這類題型在設(shè)問(wèn)時(shí)較為隱蔽，不像明確的主題題型會(huì)直接問(wèn)“文章的主題是什 么”，而且位置也很隨意，不會(huì)固定在第一道或最后一道。 例 When it es to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn39。t cutting, filing or polishing as many nails as she39。m a good economic indicator,” she says, “I provide a service that people can do without when they39。s department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. “I don39。s admission that America39。s pace. But don39。s long_term prospects even as they do some modest belt_tightening. Consumers say they39。s a new gold rush happening in the $4 million to $10 million range, predominantly fed by Wall Street bonuses,” says broker Barbara Corcoran. In San Francisco, prices are still rising even as frenzied overbidding quiets. “Instead of 20 to 30 offers, now maybe you only get two or three, says John Tealdi, a Bay Area real_estate broker. And most folks still feel pretty fortable about their ability to find and keep a job. Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown. Potential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates. Employers wouldn39。s hot new Alain Ducasses restaurant used to be impossible. Not anymore. For that, Greenspanamp。作者態(tài)度題有兩種題型： 1. 文章作者態(tài)度題 這種題目對(duì)考生而言 難度較大，迷惑性也較強(qiáng)，因?yàn)槊}專家是針對(duì)整篇文章 設(shè)問(wèn)，考生很難找到具體對(duì)應(yīng)的語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)，所以要把握整篇文章。特別提醒考生要牢記所遇到的構(gòu)成作者態(tài)度題選項(xiàng)的每一個(gè)形 容詞。文章作者態(tài)度是作者說(shuō)話的口氣 (tone)，不是考某一個(gè)語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)， 而是文章中數(shù)個(gè)語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)串起來(lái)的一根線給讀者 的整體感覺(jué)。s modity price index is broadly unchanging from a year ago. In 1973 modity prices jumped by 70%, and in 1979 by almost 30%. From the text we can see that the writer seems . ［ A］ optimistic ［ B］ sensitive ［ C］ gloomy ［ D］ scared［ 2020年 55題］ A［正確答案］ 2. 局部作者態(tài)度題 此類題目考查考生對(duì)局部細(xì)節(jié)所體現(xiàn)出的作者態(tài)度的理解，因此做此類題時(shí)， 考生不能再像前一種態(tài)度題一樣去找“感覺(jué)”，而應(yīng)當(dāng)回到文章局部上，落到 實(shí)處。 and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. All through the nieenth century, America, Africa, India, Australia and parts of Europe were being developed by British capital, and British shareholders were thus enriched by the world39。 meeting to dictate their orders to the management. On the other hand “shareholding” meant leisure and freedom which was used by many of the later Victorians for the highest purpose of a great civilisation. The “shareholders” as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the pany in which they held shares, and their influence on the relations of capital and labour was not good. The paid manager acting for the pany was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away. Indeed the mere size of operations and the numbers of workmen involved rendered such personal relations impossible. Fortunately, however, the increasing power and anisation of the trade unions, at least in all skilled trades, enabled the workmen to meet on equal terms the managers of the panies who employed them. The cruel discipline of the strike and lockout taught the two parties to respect each other39。而效率的下降通常是家 族公司在精力充沛的創(chuàng)立者之后的第二三代破產(chǎn)的原因。 國(guó)民生活中這一現(xiàn)象的出現(xiàn)代表了不由個(gè)人負(fù)責(zé)的財(cái)富與土地及土地所有者的 義務(wù)的分離，這也在同樣程度上意味著（不由個(gè)人負(fù)責(zé)的財(cái)富）與經(jīng)營(yíng)管理責(zé) 任的分離。 C選項(xiàng)在原文中有兩處 提及，但都是指帶薪經(jīng)理，對(duì)經(jīng)理并沒(méi)有進(jìn)行任何批評(píng)性評(píng)論，因而也不符合 題意。”顯然，作者對(duì)這種“持股人”持批判的態(tài)度，所以 D是正確 答案。s attitude towards shareholders is. ［ A］ biased［ B］ positive［ C］ sympathetic［ D］ critical 四、首段原則 首段原則應(yīng)用于根據(jù)首段內(nèi)容所設(shè)置的題目，它包括兩種形式：首句原則和末 句原則。 例 It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional. Small wonder. Americans39。 例 Technically, any substance other than food that alters our bodily or mental functioning is a drug. Many people mistakenly believe the term drug refers only to some sort of medicine or an illegal chemical taken by drug addicts. They don39。針對(duì)這兩種具體題型的原則為：先看首句，如與選項(xiàng)符合即可 選擇，不必再浪費(fèi)時(shí)間看完整個(gè)段落，如首句不能與選項(xiàng)吻合時(shí)再將整個(gè)段落 讀完以尋找符合的選項(xiàng)。s dream. L