污染控制與墨西哥吸收外商直接投資：一個產(chǎn)業(yè)層面的分析外文翻譯-在線瀏覽
2025-07-30 22:52本頁面
【正文】 multaneously, regressions of trade or FDI on pollution abatement costs have produced counterintuitive results, ., significant pollution haven effects for less pollution intensive industries (Kalt 1998。a Federal de Protecci243。 Cole and Elliott 2020). This study contributes to the literature on the existence of pollution havens in several ways. First, we use pollution intensities, which follow directly from emission control, as a measure of the stringency of environmental standards (Xing and Kolstad 2020). The focus on pollution intensity is useful since it allows for substitution between capital and pollution and does not require data on unobservable pollution taxes. It is also consistent with actual US policy, which does not impose taxes but rather regulates emissions directly by setting distinct limits that plants must attain (Kunce and Shogren 2020).3 Second, we focus on FDI rather than trade since we consider a developing host country, Mexico, which tests the hypothesis that firms invest there to take advantage of environmental standards which are less strict. Conclusion This study has tested for and quantified a pollution haven effect for the case of Mexico. We investigate whether FDI flows into Mexico are indeed affected by the pollution intensity of production. In spite of recent improvements in laws and enforcement in the wake of NAFTA, looser environmental regulation in Mexico may make it an attractive production location for polluting industries. The existing literature has largely failed to find much evidence of a pollution haven effect, in accordance with the notion that pollution abatement costs simply constitute too small a fraction of total cost to drive location decisions of firms. We improve on and plement the existing literature in several ways. By focusing on pollution intensities rather than abatement cost, we allow for the substitution of pollution and capital and avoid the problem of identifying pollution expenditures. We have information on host country pollution intensities and thus do not need to assume identical pollution intensities in Mexico and its source countries. The availability of detailed FDI information, including the source country of investment, allows us to control for a wide range of determinants of FDI drawn from theory and thus greatly reduces the likelihood of finding spurious correlations. We find that there is indeed evidence of a pollution haven effect. While only a few industries are estimated to have a positive correlation between pollution and FDI flows, these account for a nontrivial share of received FDI and output of up to 30%. At the same time, 5 there are a number of industries for which the FDIpollu
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