污染控制與墨西哥吸收外商直接投資：一個(gè)產(chǎn)業(yè)層面的分析外文翻譯(已修改)
2025-05-31 22:52 本頁面
【正文】 1 本科畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯 外文題目： Pollution Control and Foreign Direct Investment in Mexico: An IndustryLevel Analysis 出 處： Environmental and Resource Economics 作 者： Andreas Waldkirch and Munisamy Gopinath 譯 文： Pollution Control and Foreign Direct Investment in Mexico: An IndustryLevel Analysis Andreas Waldkirch and Munisamy Gopinath ABSTRACT Foreign direct investment (FDI) flows into developing countries have been increasing dramatically over the past decade. At the same time, there has been widespread concern that lax environmental standards are in part responsible for this surge. This paper revisits the question of the existence of a pollution haven effect by examining the extent to which the pollution intensity of production helps explain FDI in Mexico. We focus on pollution intensities, which are directly related to emission regulations, rather than unobservable pollution taxes and allow for substitution between capital and pollution. Examining several different pollutants, we find a positive correlation between FDI and pollution that is statistically and economically significant in the case of the highly regulated sulfur dioxide emissions. Industries for which the estimated relationship between FDI and pollution is positive receive up to 30% of total FDI and 30% of manufacturing output. Although we confirm the importance of Mexico’s parative advantage in laborintensive production processes, consistent with the previous literature, our results suggest that environmental considerations may matter as well for firms’ investment decisions. Introduction 2 Concerns about the effects of environmental standards on trade and investment flows abound. There is much talk about a “race to the bottom”, where developing countries in particular are said to be increasing their petitive advantage in the world economy due to lower labor and environmental standards. Some in the developed world view the lower standards as “unfair” cost advantages and have suggested ways to limit or eliminate them. For instance, the labor and environmental side agreements to the North American Free Trade Agreement(NAFTA) sought to level the “standards” between the United States and Mexico. The side agreements hoped to prevent Mexico, which has lower environmental standards, from being a pollution haven for US and Canadian firms trying to avoid the costs associated with more stringent domestic environmental standards. However, the academic literature has reported very mixed results. Many studies fail to find empirical support for environmental standards to affect either trade or firms’ investment decisions,
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