【正文】 h care plans for EOL will lead to severe financial consequences for a family’s economic wellbeing or impacts on bequests, EOL health planning can be viewed as a legitimate ponent of estate planning. In other words, EOL health and financial planning are two plementary aspects of prehensive EOL planning (Silva 2021a, b). This study is motivated by the plementary nature of EOL financial preparations (having a financial will, a revocable trust, and an arrangement to transfer assets through joint ownership or designated beneficiaries), and healthrelated preparations (having a DPAHC, a Living Will). The purpose of this study is to document the EOL planning strategies adopted by midlife adults and to identify the factors that influence the likelihood of engaging in specific planning strategies. The research questions are: (1)What are the patterns of EOL planning strategies adopted? (2) What are the determinants of EOL planning strategies? (3) What is the relationship between EOL financial planning and EOL health planning? (4) Do the two aspects of EOL planning appear to be distinct or plementary planning behaviors? Literature and Background EndofLife Financial Preparations EndofLife financial preparations are most often conceived as estate planning, which has the purpose of carrying out one’s intentions of disposing of assets and property and for taking care of family members after one’s death (Edwards 1991。 Cox and Rank 1992。 Hayhoe and Stevenson 2021。 McGarry and Schoeni 1995, 1997。 Lee 2021。 Rossi and Rossi 1990。 Lee 2021。 Simon et al. 1982), older age(Lee 2021。 Simon et al. 1982), higher household ine (O’Connor1996。 Simon et al. 1982), and being white (Goetting and Martin2021。 O’Connor 1996). Other factors such as marital status, gender, presence of children in the household, and health status have been found to have inconsistent effects across various studies. Palmer et al. (2021) explored what life events appeared to precipitate writing a will among adults. Using data from the Health and Retirement Survey(HRS) they found that being a widow, being diagnosed with cancer, retiring, and having a positive change in assets are significantly related to adoption of a financial will. EOL Health Preparations Healthrelated EOL preparations have received increased attention from researchers and policy makers in part due to the growth in Hospice care and other social movements that encourage greater patient autonomy in making EOL medical care decisions (Ott 1999).Healthrelated formal preparation typically prises two behaviors: pletion of a Living Will and the appointment of DPAHC. Studies have shown that few patients actually possess Living Wills or DPAHCs or have spoken with their physicians about these issues (Ott 1999). While the Patient SelfDetermination Act of 1990 requires hospital to ask about advance directives and provide information on hospital practices, no such requirement is placed on physicians. Some studies probed the reasons for not planning (High 1993。 Stelter et al. 1992). High (1993) found individuals feel they can rely on others, particularly family members, to make decisions for them if they are unable to do so. Other reasons identified include ‘‘do not see an urgent need to do so’’ (Stelter et al. 1992), and ‘‘procrastination’’ (Sachs et al. 1992). A number of studies have examined the factors that predict the likelihood of advance Directives pletion. Most of them have focused on the role of sociodemographic and health factors as predictors. A study based on analysis of medical records from the Program for All Inclusive Care of Elderly (PACE) found that African American patients were significantly less likely than White patients to plete a DPAHC (Eleazer et al. 1996).Other studies show that individuals with higher levels of educational attainment are more likely to plete an advance directive (High 1993。 Stelter et al. 1992). Advance directives are more prevalent among persons in older age groups pared with younger age groups (Elpern et a