【正文】 t furnaces of China. The 4350 m3 capacity blast furnace in Baosteel is an example. It is estimated that in 2021 the average pulverized coal injection quantity realized in China’s blast furnaces iron will be 160 kg per tonne. To eliminate lowlevel equipment and introduce and develop new technology Over the past few years, the government of China made a strong effort to eliminate lowlevel equipment. The energy consumption of China’s small iron and steel units was times higher than that of the large and medium producers. When China implemented its 11th ?veyear plan’s policy of energy saving and reducing discharge of pollutants the steel industry was restructured, its equipment capacities enhanced, and pace of modernization accelerated all of which produced an enormous effect. melteddeoxidize technology. In 2021, the number of blast furnaces with a capacity of 2021 m3 in China was 63, 17 more than that in 2021, and production capacity increased by 35%. The number of converters 14 with a capacity of 100 tonnes was 98 in 2021, eight more than that in 2021, and production capacity increased by 8%. In 2021, the overall energy consumption, the fresh water consumption, the total emission of SO2, the total soot emission, and the total mill dust emission per tonne of steel declined by about 8%, 24%, %, 3% and %, respectively, when pared with that in 2021. In addition, China’s iron and steel industries introduced and developed actively new technologies, such as COREX and C300 melteddeoxidize technology. To create the recycling economy chain within the iron–steel industry It is believed that three recycling economy chains could be developed in the iron–steel production process aiming at zero emission. First is recycling ?ue gas, which means that not only coal or coke but also ?ue gas will be recycled from blast furnaces, converters, or coke ovens to realize zero ?ue gas emission. The second is recycling industrial wastewater, which means that the consumption of fresh water will be minimized and industrial wastewater will be recycled using some treating equipment. The third is recycling solid waste materials. It is a prehensive reuse process for some raw materials such as iron ores left over from the production process. China’s traditional development pattern such as large investment, regardless of serious pollution and lower valueadded products resulted in China’s location at the low end of the value chain of the worldwide industrial structure. It is the most important reason for China’s high consumption of energy. Compared with developed countries, China’s use of poorer quality equipment and ineffective use of process energy led to lower energy utilization ef?ciency. 7 Prospects With the improvement of the overall technical level in the steel industry, the production of iron and steel has greatly expanded in the past decade. However, the iron and steel industry is still one of the major high energy consumption and high polluting industries in China. Although the energy ef?ciency of the iron and steel industry in China has made signi?cant improvement in the past few years, the average energy consumption per unit of steel is about 20% higher than that of other advanced countries owing to low energy utilization ef?ciency, the existence of some smallscale and decentralized industries and low recovery and recycling ef?ciency of the secondary energy resources. During 2021–2021, the period of China’s 11th ?veyear plan, based on existing policies, measures and standards, China will promulgate and implement some new policies with more ambitious objectives of sustainable development and restructuring in the steel industry. One objective of this plan is to build a society mitted to energy conservation and a pollutionfree environment and to develop the recycling economy chain in the iron and steel industry. Successful implementation of current sustainable development policies and measures will result in considerable energy saving. According to this plan, China’s energy consumption per GDP in ‘China’s 11th ?veyear 15 plan’ will decrease by 20%, the water consumption per unit of industrial added value will decrease by 30% and the total emission of main pollutants will decrease by 10%. Some major tasks will be undertaken for some high energy consumption industries such as the iron and steel industry, nonferrous metal industry, coal industry, power sector, and chemical industry. Therefore, a new industrial path leading to the use of technologyintensive products, optimal economic ef?ciencies, lower resource consumption, and less environmental pollution should be fed. There will be signi?cant energy savings by optimizing enduse energy utilization. 。因此，一個通往利用技術密集型產(chǎn)品 、 最優(yōu)的經(jīng)濟效率 、 低資源消耗 、 環(huán)境污染少 的 新的產(chǎn)業(yè)道路 將被構造出來 。 根據(jù)這一計劃，在 “ 中國的第 的 11 個五年計劃 ” 中國的人均國內生產(chǎn)總值能 源消耗將減少 20％， 每單位 工業(yè)增加值的耗水量將減少 30％，主要污染物排放總量將減少10 ％。這個計劃的目標之一是 在鋼鐵工業(yè)中 建立致力于節(jié)能和無污染的環(huán)境循環(huán)經(jīng)濟鏈 的社會 。雖然 在過去數(shù)年，中國鋼鐵工業(yè)的能源效率有了 顯著改善，但由于 能源利用效率低 、一些小規(guī)模和分散產(chǎn)業(yè)的存在以及二次資源能源的低回收循環(huán)利用，中國 平均每單位鋼材的能源消耗 比其它發(fā)達國家要高 約 20％ 。 7 展望 在過去的十 年 里， 隨著鋼鐵行業(yè)的整體技術水平的提高， 鋼鐵的生產(chǎn)有極大的提高 。 這是造成中國高能源消耗的最重要原因 。三是 固體廢物 材料的回收， 這是 對 一些諸 如 生產(chǎn)過程中遺留下來的 鐵礦石等 原材料的綜合再利用的過程。首先是 煙氣的回收 ，這意味著不僅煤或焦炭，而且煙氣將由高爐 、 轉爐 、均熱 爐回收，以實現(xiàn) 煙氣 零排放 的目標 。 此外，中國的鋼鐵工業(yè)積極引進和開發(fā)新技術，如 COREX 工藝和 C300 熔化還原技術。 2021 年容不得量為 100 噸 的轉爐 98 座 ， 2021 年多 8 座 ，生產(chǎn) 能力 增加了 8％。 中國實行的第 11 個五年計劃的節(jié)約 減排政策使鋼鐵工業(yè)進行了重組，其設備能力得以增強，現(xiàn)代化步伐加快了，所有這些都產(chǎn)生了巨大影響。 取締低水平設備，引進和發(fā)展新技術 在過去數(shù)年， 中國政府在取締低水平設備方面作出了巨大的努力 。寶鋼的 4350 立方米能力高爐就是一個例子。 2021 年， 中國大中型鋼鐵企業(yè)高爐路線生產(chǎn)每噸鐵需要噴煤 137 千克，在 2021 年為每噸鐵 118 千克。 以煤代焦可以緩解 由于節(jié)能措施造成的 煉焦煤 短缺憾的問題 。 擴大高爐噴煤技術的使用 高爐噴煤 的 使用 采用高爐路線煉鋼中的一個重 要的創(chuàng)新優(yōu)化。 截至 2021 年底， 在中國裝有煤氣余壓回收技術的容量大于 2021 立方米的同爐有 49座。如果在煤氣凈化階段去除干燥的塵土，產(chǎn)