【正文】
full elliptical leaf springs referred to two circular arcs linked at their tips. This was joined to the frame at the top center of the upper arc, the bottom center was joined to the live suspension ponents, such as a solid front axle. Additional suspension ponents, such as trailing arms, would be needed for this design, but not for semielliptical leaf springs as used in the Hotchkiss drive. That employed the lower arc, hence its name. Quarterelliptic springs often had the thickest part of thestack of leaves stuck into the rear end of the side pieces of a short ladder frame, with the free end attached to the differential, as in the Austin Seven of the 1920s. As an example of nonelliptic leaf springs, the Ford Model T had multiple leaf springs over its differential that were curved in the shape of a yoke. As a substitute for dampers(shock absorbers), some manufacturers laid nonmetallic sheets in between the metal leaves,such as wood. Leaf springs were very mon on automobiles, right up to the 1970s in Europe and Japan and late 7039。s in America when the move to frontwheel drive, and more so