【正文】 一篇：過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別、存在的狀態(tài)或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。說話的側(cè)重點(diǎn)只在于陳述一件過去的事情，不強(qiáng)調(diào)對“現(xiàn)在”產(chǎn)生的影響。(只說明去桂林的時(shí)間)，對現(xiàn)在造成了影響或產(chǎn)生了結(jié)果。如：Jill has bought a new 。如：(2)一般過去時(shí)通常與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。看看以下的幾組句子，有什么區(qū)別？① Have you seen the film?(A)Did you see the film?(B)[說明] 你看過這部電影嗎？(A)句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是被問者對劇情是否了解；(B)句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是看這部電影的動(dòng)作是否發(fā)生過，并不強(qiáng)調(diào)是否知道其內(nèi)容。③ He has lived in Beijing for 8 years.(A)He lived in Beijing for 8 years.(B)[說明]他在北京住了8年。(B)句講的是他在北京住過8年，現(xiàn)在不在北京了。用法：過去式用于“一般過去時(shí)”過去分詞要和其它成分連用。而英語采用的是變形法，即不加字，而是讓動(dòng)詞本身發(fā)生變化，如eat變成ate，see變成saw，ate、saw就是表達(dá)“吃過了”、“看過”的過去式。規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式和過去分詞由詞尾加ed構(gòu)成，而不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的變化因詞而異。為方便同學(xué)們記憶，現(xiàn)將初中英語教學(xué)大綱中的69個(gè)不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的原形、過去式和過去分詞列出并規(guī)為五種類型。2）過去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語連用，或無時(shí)間狀語。舉例：I saw this film yesterday.（過去時(shí)）我昨天看了這個(gè)電影（強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過了。（強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）She has returned from Paris.（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）她已從巴黎回來了。（錯(cuò)）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（對）Tom wrote a letter to his parents第三篇：一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)區(qū)別一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：助動(dòng)詞 have(has)+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞。它和主語的人稱、數(shù)要保持一致。We are good friends.(現(xiàn)在的情況）I knew him in 1997.（過去的動(dòng)作）We have known each other since 1997.（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)把過去的動(dòng)作和現(xiàn)在聯(lián)系起來并著眼于現(xiàn)在）（1）表完成和結(jié)果：動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去某個(gè)不確定的時(shí)間，但對現(xiàn)在留下了某種影響和結(jié)果。如：Have you had lunch yet?在我不餓了）（2）表持續(xù)：從過去某一時(shí)刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常帶有for和since等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語。如： I have been to Beijing 。如：yesterday,lastSunday,in1990,three years ago等。如：We have already finished our 。t finished their homework 。多用于否定或疑問句中，表示“曾經(jīng)”或“從未”等。，如just, before, up to now, the past few years等。He has been there three times the last few 。例如：Have you met him today?No, I haven39。How many times have you been there this year?今年你去過那里多少次？（2）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以和帶有since或for等表示“一段時(shí)間”的狀語連用,表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從某一時(shí)刻開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。t seen him for two ，像e, arrive, buy等短暫性動(dòng)詞不能與表示“一段時(shí)間”的狀語連用?，F(xiàn)歸納總結(jié)一下由短暫性動(dòng)詞到延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換：arrive →be herebegin(start)→be ondie →be deade back →be backleave →be awayfall ill(sick, asleep)→be ill(sick, asleep)get up →be up1Yes, I 39。His father has been dead for two 。（1）have been(to)與have gone(to)的區(qū)別：have been(to)表示去過某地（現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了）；havegone(to)表示去某地了（說話時(shí)某人不在當(dāng)?shù)兀?。He has gone to 。如：It is two years since his father died.=His father has been dead for two 世已有兩年了。如：I haven39。(4)表示行為或狀態(tài)從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在時(shí)，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要加表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語時(shí)，常用 for＋一段時(shí)間, since＋時(shí)間點(diǎn)，since+一段時(shí)間+：I have lived here since my 。如：How long have you lived here?注意：在表示某一行為狀態(tài)持續(xù)多長時(shí)間時(shí)，根據(jù)終止時(shí)間的不同，時(shí)態(tài)使用是不一樣的。I have lived here for a week by ，我已經(jīng)在這里住了一周。二、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，其結(jié)果的確和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系。I have just been to went there last ，是上個(gè)月去的。，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語連用，或無時(shí)間狀語。She has returned from 。Will somebody go and get ?He39。（錯(cuò)）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（對）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last 、練習(xí)題 ____me a new coat _______ it fits me made?have ?have made??tried“He ____to draw horses already”.“When ______ he ?” “ Last year “?? learned? learned?did _____up into the , he ____ high up there! got? climbed? ??is you _____ the text yet ? Yes, we ____ it two hours ?copy??copied??copied? ?copy?had5.“Why ______ she _______ angry ?” “Because he _____ at her just now.”?get??got??get?has ?got?has shouted __________ the film before ? Where _____ you ____ it ? ?seen?did?see?seen?have? ?see?did? ?see?have?seen ____ me waiting for two ____ for you since ? kept??have kept?have waited ______ John _______ ? To the _________ there for an ?been?has gone ?gone?has ?go??be?went the baby still _____ ? No, it _______ ?cried?has ?crying?stopped ?cry??crying?has stopped _______ the ________ here for quite many ?have ??have ?live you ever _____ America ? Yes, I ?gone ?gone ?been ?been in brother ____college for over three gone been been been at