【正文】 s growth of industrial and agricultural production導致工業(yè)國對食品和原材料的需求迅速增長In industrial countries on food and raw materials to the rapid growth of demand增至十五倍的工業(yè)品進口量Increased to fifteen times of industrial products imports對發(fā)展中國家農業(yè)出口產品需求的劇烈增長On developing agricultural export product demand sharp growth對棉花和天然橡膠等原材料需求的減少On cotton and natural rubber and other raw materials to reduce the demand合成代用品生產的發(fā)展及其產量的增加Synthetic substitutes for production development and yield increase有助于發(fā)展中國家的工業(yè)發(fā)展和經濟增長Contribute to developing industrial development and economic growth國際貿易對各國經濟發(fā)展重要的有益作用International trade on the economic development of various countries important beneficial effect有助于欠發(fā)達國家制造業(yè)和制成品生產的發(fā)展Contribute to the less developed country manufacturing industry and the development of the production of manufactured goods刺激和促進發(fā)達與發(fā)展中國家間資本的流動To stimulate and promote the flow of capital between the developed and developing countries1新技術和新的管理技能的傳送手段New technologies and new management skills transfer means1從國際貿易獲得巨大好處的欠發(fā)達國家From international trade have great benefits for the less developed countries1國際貿易與長期經濟發(fā)展之間的關系International Trade and economic development of the relationship between1以更快的速度從發(fā)達國家吸引先進技術Faster speed in order to attract advanced technology from developed countries國際貿易的產生和發(fā)展，促進了各國再生產過程的正常運行和不斷擴大，提高了生產力水平，并促進了生產國際化和資本國際化，以及提高其他方面的經濟發(fā)展The emergence of international trade and development, promote the process of reproduction and the normal operation to expand ceaselessly, improve the level of productivity, and promote the internationalization of production and capital internationalization, and improve other aspects of economic development凱恩斯及其追隨者著重于出口對就業(yè)和收入的作用，他們認為貿易順差可以擴大支付手段，壓低利率，刺激物價上漲，增加投資，從而有助于國內危機的緩和與就業(yè)的擴大Keynes and his followers to focus on export of employment and ine effects, they think the trade surplus could expand the means of payment, interest rates low, stimulate the price rise, increase investment, which contribute to the domestic crisis of relaxation and expansion of employment另一些經濟學家認為，國際貿易的興起和發(fā)展，會使商品的市場擴大，從而推動技術進步和生產過程的改善，促進產量增加，并使投資結構發(fā)生變化，從而促進整個國民經濟的發(fā)展Some economists think, international trade is arisen with development, can make modity market to expand, thereby promoting technological progress and production process improvement, promoting yield increase, and make the investment structure changes, so as to promote the development of the national economy發(fā)展中國家發(fā)展對外貿易導致外匯收入增加和外國先進技術的引進，它在彌補這些國家資本、促進它們的技術進步中起著重要的作用In developing foreign trade in foreign exchange ine increases in foreign countries and the introduction of advanced technology, which make the national capital, promote their technological progress plays an important role in多年來，在吸收外資的同時，中國全力發(fā)展對外貿易，大量進口精密的機械設備和尖端技術，大量出口各種工農業(yè)產品，有力地促進了經濟發(fā)展和社會主義現代化的實現Over the years, in the absorption of foreign capital, China to develop foreign trade, large imports of sophisticated equipment and advanced technology, a large number of export all kinds of industrial and agricultural products, effectively promoted the economic development and the socialism modernization 國際貿易給各國經濟帶來了巨大的利益。發(fā)達國家需要全球貿易的自由化為本國企業(yè)開拓更為廣闊的發(fā)展空間，發(fā)展中國家也紛紛把出口導向作為本國工業(yè)化的發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略。歐盟是當今世界上最大的貿易集團，每年進出口貿易都占世界進出口貿易的1/5左右。國際貿易對目標市場國家尤為重要，隨著目標市場國家經濟發(fā)展和對外開放，對外貿易在中國經濟中日益顯現，1999年，全年進出口總額3607億美元，其中出口總額1949億美元。全國將近1/5的產品是直接用于出口的。International trade to the economies of the countries brought great countries need to global trade liberalization for domestic enterprises to exploit more wide development space, developing countries are also seen as a native of exportoriented industrialization development United States is the world39。s largest trade group, import and export trade of the world each year are about 1/5 of the import and export European Union member states of the European Union between internal trade is an important economic integration international trade of the target market is particularly important to the country, with the goal market national economic development and opening to the outside world, the foreign trade of China39。s agricultural product export sales歧視來自發(fā)展中國家的中、低檔紡織品Discrimination from developing countries, and low in textiles把某些國家排除在得到優(yōu)惠的國家之外Put some countries out of the country get preferential outside1干擾各國間正常的交易和經貿關系Interference between countries of the normal trade and economic relations1反對美國對來自該亞洲國家的進口貨征收抵消關稅For the opposition to the United States from Asian countries import tariffs on offset1由減少貿易潛在利益的進口限制所造成的扭曲By reducing the potential benefits of trade import restriction by the distortion1約略計算外國商品需求曲線的彈性Roughly calculated foreign goods the elasticity of the demand curve非關稅壁壘是指以進口數量限制為特點的貿易保護主義措施，它們被發(fā)達國家和有些發(fā)展中國家用來干擾和阻礙商品和服務在國際間的自由流動Nontariff barrier refers to the limitation of import quantity characteristics of protectionist measures, they are developed countries and some developing countries have used to interference and prevent goods and services in the free flow of international 70年代中期以來，由于世界性經濟危機爆發(fā)，加上國際市場爭奪加劇，因而發(fā)達國家不得不求助于旨在限制進口的非關稅壁壘，力圖克服困難Since the mid 70 s, due to the world economic crisis, with the international market for increased, so have to turn to developed countries to import restrictions of nontariff barriers, trying to overe the difficulties非關稅壁壘同關稅壁壘一樣，起到限制進口、引起進口國國內市場物價上漲的作用，加重了西方發(fā)達國家人民的負擔Nontariff barriers with tariff barriers, a way to limit imports, domestic market prices caused by importing countries and the role of the western developed countries increase people39。非關稅壁壘在資本主義發(fā)展初期已出現，但到了本世紀30年代資本主義世界性經濟危機爆發(fā)時，非關稅壁壘才作為貿易壁壘的重要組成部分廣泛的盛行。但是，從70年代中期以來，在兩次世界性經濟危機衰退的沖擊下，發(fā)達資本主義國家貿易戰(zhàn)越演越烈，它們競相采取非關稅限制商品進口，對世界貿易和經濟發(fā)展產生巨大的不利影響。s early days, many of the capitalist countries still strict measures to restrict imports, but from the 70 s to the s, the developed capitalist countries in addition to greatly reduce tariff outside, still relax and cancellation of nontariff barriers, expand import liberalization,