【正文】 題共2小題，每小題15分，共30分)40.(1)整體性原則：心理輔導(dǎo)旨在學(xué)生個(gè)體的整體性發(fā)展；心理輔導(dǎo)活動(dòng)與學(xué)校的教育活動(dòng)的整體協(xié)調(diào)一致。(3)活動(dòng)性原則：重視活動(dòng)對(duì)個(gè)體心理健康的作用。(5)預(yù)防與發(fā)展相結(jié)合的原則：心理輔導(dǎo)的目標(biāo)既包括促進(jìn)心理的健康發(fā)展，又包括預(yù)防心理疾患和行為偏差。(2)異性交往緊張的表現(xiàn)：(2分)和異性交往時(shí)過分緊張，不敢說(shuō)話、不敢目光接觸，甚至面紅耳赤、出汗、發(fā)抖等。②進(jìn)行放松訓(xùn)練。全國(guó)2009年7月高等教育自學(xué)考試心理衛(wèi)生與心理輔導(dǎo)試題課程代碼：00465一、單項(xiàng)選擇題(本大題共20小題，每小題1分，共20分)在每小題列出的四個(gè)備選項(xiàng)中只有一個(gè)是符合題目要求的，請(qǐng)將其代碼填寫在題后的括號(hào)內(nèi)。1．在中小學(xué)心理輔導(dǎo)課程的教學(xué)方法中，腦力激蕩法屬于（）A．角色扮演法 B．價(jià)值觀辨析法 C．行為強(qiáng)化法 D．榜樣引導(dǎo)法2．心理可以分為幾個(gè)部分，意識(shí)、注意等屬于（）A．心理狀態(tài) B．心理過程 C．個(gè)性心理 D．社會(huì)性3．某些特殊人格常常成為某些神經(jīng)癥的發(fā)病基礎(chǔ)。這一階段需要完成的任務(wù)中不包括（）A．建立輔導(dǎo)關(guān)系 B．掌握學(xué)生的材料 C．進(jìn)行分析診斷 D．制定輔導(dǎo)目標(biāo)7．自我開放屬于心理輔導(dǎo)的操作技術(shù)中的（）A．傾聽的技術(shù) B．影響的技術(shù)C．觀察的技術(shù) D．評(píng)估的技術(shù)8．根據(jù)弗洛伊德的觀點(diǎn)，人格中奉行現(xiàn)實(shí)原則的是（）A．本我 B．超我 C．自我 D．原我9．在夢(mèng)中將潛意識(shí)的欲望或者意念用其他甚至相反的形式表現(xiàn)出來(lái)，這是（）A．象征化 B．移置 C．投射 D．變形10．最先提出“行為治療”概念的是（）A．斯金納 B．班杜拉 C．拉斯 D．華生11．不適用于水準(zhǔn)較高、渴望高度成長(zhǎng)的來(lái)訪者的心理輔導(dǎo)方法是（）A．精神分析法 B．行為轉(zhuǎn)變法 C．個(gè)人中心法 D．認(rèn)知重建法12．有的學(xué)生把苦悶和痛苦統(tǒng)統(tǒng)寫在紙上，寫完后不管是不是拿給老師看，總感到內(nèi)心輕松多了。錯(cuò)選、多選、少選或未選均無(wú)分。錯(cuò)填、不填均無(wú)分。27．就心理衛(wèi)生來(lái)說(shuō)，自我意識(shí)良好的核心是自知和______。29．厭惡法中，常用的厭惡刺激包括______和______。31．建立適宜的輔導(dǎo)氣氛的三種最重要的態(tài)度是______，無(wú)條件的積極尊重和______。33．從情感的發(fā)展看，青春期最大的變化是從依戀父母的感情轉(zhuǎn)向去依靠______的感情。38．請(qǐng)簡(jiǎn)要描述思想政治教育和學(xué)校心理輔導(dǎo)二者差異的主要表現(xiàn)。40．請(qǐng)簡(jiǎn)要描述適應(yīng)性認(rèn)知衛(wèi)生問題中“走極端”的癥狀表現(xiàn)及輔導(dǎo)要點(diǎn)。42．(本題l5分)小王和小李都是小學(xué)的心理輔導(dǎo)教師。小王認(rèn)為應(yīng)該對(duì)學(xué)生采用獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)的方法，而小李主張采用懲罰的方法。第三篇：自考《心理衛(wèi)生與心理輔導(dǎo)》試題及答案最佳答案 P14 Why does the author tell s not to be afraid to ask stupid questions？ The author thinks that many apparently naive inquiries like why grass is green，or why the sn is round，or why we need 55，000 unclear weapons in the world ——are really deep says when you try to get the answers，you will gain deep understanding of the also important to know，as well as you can，what it is that you dont know，and asking questions is the also tell us to ask stupid questions requires courage on the part of the asker and knowledge and patience on the part of the dont confine your learning to ideas in depth with much brave to ask questions even when theres a prospect of ridicule than to suppress your questions and bee deadened to the world around Icons P30 What are the factors to shift the heroworship to the celebrityworship？ The new forms of media——photography，moving pictures，radio and television are the main reproduction of photos in newspapers turned famous people into celebrities whose dress，appearance，and personal habits were widely mented ，the focus of public attention began to shift away from knowing what such people did to knowing what looked shift was accelerated by the arrival of moving 1901 and 1914，74 percent of the magazine articles about famous people were about political leaders，inventors，inventors，professionals，and 1922，however，most articles were about movie the arrival of television，the faces of the stars became as familiar as those we saw across the breakfast came to know more about the lives of the celebrities than we did about most of the people we know than seventy years after the appearance of the first movimg pictures，the shift from heroworship to celebrityworship was GOGO AMERICAN P46 What is the Americans attitude towards time？Give necessary the United States，many people keenly feel the shortness of each are aware that once a day in their life is gone，it will never e Americans believe no one stands you are not moving ahead，you are falling they value time and want every minte to attitde towards time is shown in the fast pace of life in the they do they always seem to be in a find people hurrying to get where they are hurry to eating places for a mea and finish it as quickly as Americans do what they can to save produce a lot of laboursaving devices such as clothesand dishwashers； they rapidly municate through phone calls，telex and and cut down on personal Take Over，Bosn！P62 Can you imagine what did Barret think of when he heard Snyders whisper Take over，bosn？ Becase of thirst，Barret was almost out of rose several times and was a constant when he heard Snyder said“Take over，bosn，he had a strange feeling came to realize he would and must take over the task and be responsible for the long as he stopped others from the little water，they would always have hopes and wouldnt die he picked Snyders gun up and decided to hold off the other from the water until night when a ship saved Are You Giving Your Kids Too Much？ P78 Why parents overindulge their children？ There are several reasons to explain why parents overindulge their fairly mon reason is that parents overindulge their chidren out of a sense of who both hold down fulltime jops may feel guilty about the amount of time they spend away from their children and may attempt to pensate by showering them with material parents overindulge because they want their children to have everything they had while growing up，along with those things the parents yearned for but didnt others are afraid to say no to their childrens denless requests for toys for fear that their children will feel unloved or will be ridiculed if thy dont have the same playthings their friends Culture Shock P94 What are four stages that people go through when they experience situations that are very different from those to which they are accustomed？ Stage one is a honeymoon phase，during which the new experience is perceived to be interesting，picturesque，entertaining，and may notice several superficial differences such as music，food，and clothing，and the fresh apeal of the new experience keeps you feeling interested and you stay in a new envirnment for a while，you move to stage twothe crisis stagein which the shine wears off and daytoday realities sink relationship，you notie annoying habits；in a new country，you find barriers to establishing connections or to learning the language beyond a few polite you stick with the experience and try to deal with it realistically，you will probably move to the third phase： recovery，you learn the systems，procedures，language or nonverbal behaviors of the new environment so that you can cope with it on the basis of some mastery，petence，and ，when you feel that you function well and almost automatically in the new culture，you will m