【正文】 d Fuseli. By the early 19th century, it had been broadened in many aspects, such as enthusiasm, the rediscovery of the artist as a supremely individual creator, the development of nationalistic pride, and the exaltation of the senses and emotions over reason and intellect. In addition, romanticism is a philosophical revolt against rationalism and intellect. This breadth of meaning has led to the definition of Romanticism as a 39。 積極浪漫主義 。 關鍵詞 西風頌 。該論文也表現(xiàn)了崇尚自然熱愛自然等特點。在英國積極浪漫主義詩人用積極浪漫主義文學把浪漫主義文學推到了高潮。 positive romanticism 摘 要 文學的研究有很 多領域，對浪漫主義的研究也有很多，但是把積極浪漫主義獨立起來研究卻很少。從《西風頌》看英國積極浪漫主義的特征 Analyzing the Features of British Positive Romanticism from the Poem of Ode to the West Wind Abstract There are many domains research about romanticism. Whereas, the research about British positive romanticism is little. The positive romanticism has its remarkable characteristics in the various countries. The English positive romanticism pushed the romanticism literature to the high tide. Shelley’s Ode to the West Wind is one of the best works of positive romanticism of Britain. This thesis mainly analyzes the background of Ode to the West Wind, and the features of positive romanticism. This thesis appreciates Ode to the West Wind in various ways by analyzing the subjectivism, the political lyricism, idealism. This thesis also illustrates the features of human being admiration for nature. Both the style of this poem and the writing ways of the poem express the British positive romanticism characteristics vividly. Key Words Ode to the West Wind。 British。積極浪漫主義的特征在各國國家都有其顯著的鮮明的特征。雪萊的《西風頌》是英國積極浪漫主義的優(yōu)秀作品 ,該論文通過對《西風頌》創(chuàng)作背景及積極浪漫主義的定義分析；及對該詩歌特征的賞析，充分地展現(xiàn)了積極浪漫主義主觀性、政治抒情性、理想性。又從詩歌的創(chuàng)作風格、寫作方法等特征都把英國乃至整個歐洲的積極浪漫主義的特征表現(xiàn)的淋淋盡至。 英國 。 Introduction The romanticism is often regarded as an important branch of literature. It pletely manifested the social characteristic of British at that fixed period, and expressed the society39。feeling39。s Enlightenment idealism advocated freedom of thought, emancipation of man39。 his grandfarther, who became a baro, had amassed a great fortune. Shelley, the oldest son, accordingly grew up with the prospect of being a man of wealth and title. At Eton, he proved a good classical scholar, but was not very happy, for he was by nature revolutionary and unconventional. He was known as ―mad shelly‖ and astronomy, and the exciting experiments he conducted, gave rise to many stories. The persecutions which he endured and witnessed at school gave him a lifelong detestation of tyranny and violence. Shelley went to Oxford full of plans and ideas for changing the system of society. Being convinced that religious faiths were harmful to man’s happiness, he and his friend put forth a small study in logic, called the Necessity of Altheism, which was objected by the Oxford authorities , however, shelly and Hogg declined to discuss the matter. As a result they were sent off. It was a disaster for a boy at 18, for he lost a valuable education at Oxford. He fell out with his father and became a wandarer. Though he would eventually inherit a fortune, he had no ready money. When he was 19, he eloped with Harriet Westbrook, a girl of 16 whom he scarcely knew. From Then on, shelly, always full of schemes, went on a quixotic expedition to redress the wrongs of the Irish。 Shelly eloped with Godwin’s 15yearold daughter Mary. But that year Harriet was found drowned in the serpentine and her two children by shelly became the subject of a lawsuit. For Shelley, he was not only deeply shocked by the tragedy but also suffered the bitterness of losing his children. However, the life had to go on. To get rid of solitude, he married Mary Godwin later at Marlow, on the Thames. There, in 1816, he wrote Ablator, or the Spirit of Solitude, the first long poem to show his true genius. Next year he wrote a long imaginative poem on liberty and love, the Revolt of Islam, which contained many fine passages of description and narrative and was inspired by the French Revolution. At that time, Shelly had bee a friend of Leigh Hunt and Peacock and had met Keats. Finally in 1818, to escape prejudice and insult, and also Godwin’s constant demands for money, Shelley decided to seek peace in Italy. There shelly gave up his dream of reforming the world by the means of direct political action and decided to pass on his inspiration to others through his poetry. In this belief he posed his Prometheus Unbound, enjoyed for its inparable music, its color and story, as well as because it contained Shelly’s noblest ideas. To this period, too, he wrote his Lines in the Eugenia Hills and Julian and Maddalo, an autobiographical poem based on a happy visit to Byron in VeniceH. Meanwhile Shelly wrote his finest lyric, such as the Cloud, the Skylark, the Ode to the West Wind and so on. The music and intensity showed that Shelly was entering on a new stage of personal and imaginative greatness. B. The Background of Ode to the West Wind The poem was posed in 1819 when European labor movement and the revolutionary movement surged. To fight for their right, British working class began to struggle with the bourgeoisie. At August of that year, 80,000 workers in Manchester held a massive demonstration. Of course, the reactionary authorities had dispatched troops to suppress. That was wellknown as the Bideilei Massacre. For Shelley was in favor of British revolution, he was expelled from the United Kingdom. Then he came to Italy, he met Keats, had made great influence to Shelley a lot on revolutionary cause. Form the above。 but he is aware of his age and his sufferings in life, which have bent him down. Finally, he appeals to the wind, the wind of aspiration and change, to reinvigorate him and to give force and persuasiveness to his poetry. IV. The Features of Positive Romanticism