【正文】 ，再開始我們的討論。(2)It is not until? that?I will wait for my friend until / till he 。Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat 世紀初，人類才知道熱能是什么。注意：否定句可用另外兩種句式表示。2)Until when 疑問句中，until要放在句首。1)Until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。I didn39。Don39。s get in the wheat before the sun sets.）否定句：She didn39。Wait till I call 。正確使用這兩個連詞的關鍵之一就在于判斷句中的動詞該用肯定式還是否定式。否定形式表達的意思是“直至某時才做某事”。比較until和till此兩個連詞意義相同。（7）.till和until引導的時間狀語從句，譯為“直到??為止”，not ? till / until引導的時間狀語從句，譯為“直到??才”。注：while也可以作并列連詞，表轉折的關系，相當于but，譯為“然而”。They rushed in while we were discussing ，他們沖了進來。ll tell him about it as soon as he es 。(go to bed 表示的動作不能持續(xù))（5）表示“一?就?”的結構hardly/scarcely?when/before, no sooner?than 和as soon as都可以表示“一?就?”的意思，表示從句的動作一發(fā)生，主句的動作馬上就發(fā)生。(stay表示的動作可以持續(xù))He didn39。例如：I39。（4）.until 意為“直到??時”，引導時間狀語從句時，表示主句的動作發(fā)生在從句的動作之前。注：常用句型：It is +時間段+since從句譯為：自從??有多長時間了。We haven39。注：若主句和從句兩個動作發(fā)生的先后順序十分接近，那么也可以不用完成時態(tài)，例如 1上面的第二句可改成：He called me after he finished his work.（3）.since引導的時間狀語從句，譯為“自從??”，主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時，從句常用一般過去時。t throw them （們）用過了塑料袋之后，不準到處亂扔。after 意為“在??之后”，引導時間狀語從句時，表示主句的動作發(fā)生在從句的動作之后。例如：We cleaned the classroom before we left school ，我們打掃了教室。As the day went on, the weather got ，天氣越變越壞。Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to ）當從句的動作發(fā)生于主句動作之前，只能用when 引導這個從句，不可用as 或 while。We were working in the chemistry lab, when the lights went ，突然燈都熄滅了。注：when也可以作并列連詞，表示一個動詞正在進行的時候，突然間發(fā)生了另外一件事。I will visit my good friend when I have ，我將去看望我的好友。He was working at the table when I went ，他正在桌旁工作。When you are crossing the street, you must be （們）過街道時，一定要小心。凡是從句都必須有引導詞，引導時間狀語從句的詞有 when, before, after, until, as soon as, while 等，具體用法如下：（1）.when 意為“當??時”，引導時間狀語從句，表示主句的動作和從句的動作同時或先后發(fā)生。二：狀語從句的分類。作什么樣的狀語就叫什么類型的狀語從句。）He would rather have the small one than the large one.（他寧可要那個小的，而不愿要那個大的。）I would do it with pleasure, except that I am too busy.（要不是我太忙了，我會很高興去做的。s body, that railway is to transportation.（鐵路對于運輸，好比血管對于人的身體。t speak the way as other people bodies are made up of millions of very small cells, just as a building is made of many stones or speaks French as if(as though)he were a as if 或 as though 引導的從句通常用虛擬語氣，但如果主句謂語是感官動詞，并且所述情況實現(xiàn)可能性大，也可用陳述語氣，如：It looks as if the ing autumn harvest will be even better than the last 主要由 as...as, not so(as)...as, than 等連詞引導，如：This table is as wide as that can not run so(as)fast as conducts electricity better than other of Proportion and Other Types(比例從句和其它從句)比例從句由關聯(lián)詞 the...the...連接形容詞或副詞比較級構成，如：The more she thought about it, the more she liked 如 as...so 和 what...that 引導的類比從句；so(as)far as 引導的范圍從句；except that 引導的例外從句；rather / sooner than 和 would / had rather than 引導的擇比從句等，如：As the desert is like a sea, so is the camel like a ship.（沙漠似海，駱駝似舟。t catch 常用 so that, in order(that), lest, for fear that 等連詞引導，如：I took a taxi so that I could be in time for the closer in order that you may see the blackboard that 既可引導結果從句也可引導目的從句，但結果從句表示事實，通常不含情態(tài)動詞；目的從句表示希望或想要實現(xiàn)的事實，通常含有情態(tài)動詞，如：He got up early so that he caught the train.（結果）He got up early so that he could(might)catch the train.（目的）Lest 和 for fear(that)含有否定意義，并且從句中動詞須用 “動詞原形”或 ”should + V.” 的虛擬語氣，如：He ran away lest he(should)be caught.(= He ran away in order that he would not be caught.)I checked all the results time and again for fear that there should be any mistakes.(= I checked all the results time and again so that there wouldn39。這些連詞與 as, since 意思相近，通常用于書面語，并且它們兼有其它意義。其中 because 語氣最強，表示直接、主要原因，通常引導的從句放在句尾，特別是回答 why 提出的問題只能用 because。t work hard.)Supposing / Suppose it rains, shall we have the match as scheduled?In case you need anything else, please let me 由 although, though, even though, even if, whether...or, while, as, whwords + ever(= no matter + whwords)等從屬連詞引導，如：He is quite modest though he is the best student in the needle has the same mass whether it is hot or (No matter which)plan you adopt, you will meet with ：(though)不可與連詞 but 連用； 引導的從句意義和 though 相似，但表示的語氣較強，并須將強調(diào)的詞放在句首（但不用 although），如：Simple as(though)the question may seem, it is not at all mon in / no matter how 引導的從句中，however / no matter how 后須緊跟形容詞或副詞，如：However / No matter how hard I tried, I couldn39。第一篇：狀語從句Clauses of Condition, Concession and Contrast(條件、讓步和對比從句)條件從句由 if, unless, as(so)long as, provided / providing(that), suppose / supposing(that), in case等引導，如：If he es I39。ll tell would have succeeded if you had tried will fail unless you work hard.(=You will fail if you don39。t remember all the 表示兩個人或兩件事之間的對比，常用 while 或 whereas 引導，如：He is idle, while his brother is people like fat meat, whereas others hate of Cause, Result and Purpose(原因、結果和目的從句)原因從句主要由下列從屬連詞引導：1． Because, as, since。as 和 since 表示明顯的、已知的原因，since 比 as 正式，如：They had to move because their building was to be pulled Mary was the eldest, she looked after the they live near the sea, they often go ． now that, seeing(that), considering(that), in that。now that 有“時間”含義，表示”既然”，說明一種新情況；seeing(that)和 considering(that)有“條件”含義；in that 有”某一方面”含義，如：Now that you are well again you can (that)they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good was lucky in that I was able to find a good babysitter（保姆）.結果從句常用 so that, so...that, such...that, that 等連詞引導，如：I was caught in a shower, so that all my clothes got was so tired that I could hardly keep my eyes was such a good runner that I couldn39。t be any mistakes.)Clauses of Manner and Comparison(方式和比較從句)方式從句主要由 just as, as, as if, as though 等連詞引導，如：He doesn3