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idea(that)this book gives you of life in ancient Greece?(that引導(dǎo)定語從句,作賓語,可以省略)(4)引導(dǎo)詞不同。(3)引導(dǎo)詞的作用不同。(2)從句的作用不同。:(1)被修飾的詞不同。如:He made clear his desire that he should work hard to go to 。There is no doubt that he is fit for this ,它適合這一工作。同位語中應(yīng)注意:,常見的有:answer, belief, conclusion, decision, discovery, doubt, explanation, fact, hope, idea, information, knowledge, law, message, news, opinion, order, possibility, problem, promise, proof, proposal, question, report, risk, rumor, story, suggestion, truth, theory, thought, wish, word等。同位語從句通常由that引導(dǎo),這個從句就是同位語從句。如:My advice is that you should go to apologize to 。如:What I want to do is(that)I can go up to him and thank 。如:My idea is that he can teach children English in this 。引導(dǎo)表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣,表語從句位于連系動詞后,有時用as if引導(dǎo)。如:When we were children, we were told that China is in the east of the ,人們就告訴我們說中國在世界的東方。He said he had read the 。2)當(dāng)主句謂語動詞的時態(tài)為過去時(could, would除外),從句的謂語動詞須用響應(yīng)的過去時。如:He always says that he is our good 。He asked that we(should)get there before nine o’。I will do anything I can to help you except that I’m ,我愿做任何事情來幫助你。在賓語從句中須注意: 在口語中常被省略,但在正式的文體中,不能??;并且它一般不能引導(dǎo)介詞的賓語從句,但可引導(dǎo)except, but, in 等少數(shù)介詞的賓語從句。如:He asked what you were doing last 。賓語從句學(xué)習(xí)指要名詞從句用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。,但what引導(dǎo)主語從句的主句謂語動詞的形式須根據(jù)句子的意思來判斷。如;(1)Who has broken the glass is 。,that不可省,但在句末口語中可省。(2)Isn’t it strange that he should not have passed the test? 他測試沒有通過,難道不奇怪嗎?,只能用it作形式主語,放在句首,而將if引導(dǎo)的主語從句放到句末。主語從句后的謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。that在句中無詞義,只起連接作用;連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連接作用,在從句中充當(dāng)從句的成分在主語從句中須注意。主語從句學(xué)習(xí)指要作句子主語的從句叫主語從句。一是除that, whether和疑問詞外,as, as if, as though, because也可引導(dǎo)表語從句;二要注意“that’s why+結(jié)果”以及“that’s because+原因”的區(qū)別; 三是注意the reason(why / for?)is that?句式。一是從句作主語,主句謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù);二是主語從句通常用it作形式主語,尤其是在It is +名詞 / 形容詞 / 過去分詞+that?中,或在It seems / happens that?中,或疑問句中;三要注意由what, whatever, whoever引導(dǎo)的主語從句一般不用形式主語。如:I don’t know when he will e, but when he es, I’ll call ,但當(dāng)他來的時候,我會打電話給你。, if 這兩個詞既可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,也可引導(dǎo)狀語從句。t want to 。誤:Who will he marry remains :Who he will marry remains 要素三:時態(tài) ,賓語從句若不是一個客觀事實或真理,其謂語動詞也必須用某種過去時態(tài)。事實上,任何一種從句,其語序都必須與陳述句的語序相同。要素二:語序 名詞性從句都必須與陳述句語序相同,即“主語+謂語”。這些引導(dǎo)詞可分為三類,一是that類,二是if / whether類,三是疑問詞類。 is the factory(which or that)is far away from his house。第一篇:名詞性從句講解、歷屆高考名詞性從句習(xí)題及詳解名詞性從句名詞性從句,即指性質(zhì)相當(dāng)于名詞的從句,它包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。名詞性從句記一句話 缺什么填什么 什么都不缺填that is the factory(where)he worked for 20 years。 will nerve forget the days(which or that)them spent : 連接詞: whether, if(不充當(dāng)從句的任何成分),that,(不充當(dāng)從句的任何成分,無詞義)連接代詞:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which 連接副詞:when, where, how, why名詞性從句的三個基本要素要素一:引導(dǎo)詞 也就是引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞。既然是引導(dǎo)詞,所以這些詞就總是位于名詞性從句的最前面。尤其是當(dāng)名詞性從句由“疑問詞”引導(dǎo)時,不能受疑問句的影響而誤用疑問句詞序。誤:I didn’t know where did he :I didn’t know where he 。如:She said that she didn39。I asked her whether she would (from )。當(dāng)它們引導(dǎo)名詞性從句且表示將來意義時,要直接使用將來時態(tài);但當(dāng)它們引導(dǎo)狀語從句且表示將來意義時,則必須用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來意義。句中第一個when 引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句,故用將來時態(tài)表示將來意義;第二個when 引導(dǎo)的是時間狀語從句,故用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來意義。一是介詞后(except等除外)一般不跟that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,但可接疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句;二是在that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句后若還有補語時,要用it作形式賓語,而將that從句置于補語之后;三是當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine等時,若賓語從句要表示否定意義,往往要通過否主句來實現(xiàn),即所謂否定轉(zhuǎn)移;四是雖然引導(dǎo)賓語從句的that有時可以省略,但若賓語從句前有插入語或有間接賓語時,that不能省略;that在與之并列的另一個賓語從句之后或者在“形式賓語it+賓補”之后時也不能省略;that從句單獨回答問題時,that也不能省略。一是同位語從句多在news, order, word(=news / order), idea, hope, suggestion, information, plan, thought, doubt, fear, belief等抽象名詞后,說明其具體內(nèi)容;二是同位語從句與所說明的名詞有時會被謂語所分開,做題時需注意;三是引導(dǎo)同位語從句的有that, whether和連接副詞when, where, why, how等,但絕大多數(shù)由that引導(dǎo),注意同位語從句不能用which引導(dǎo)。主語從句通常由從屬連詞that,whether,if和連接代詞what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及連接副詞how,when,where,why等詞引導(dǎo)。,放在句首,而將主語從句放到句末。常用句型如下:(1)It + be + 名詞 + that從句(2)It + be + 形容詞 + that從句(3)It + be + 動詞的過去分詞 + that從句(4)It + 不及物動詞 + that 從句另注意在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等語氣時,謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣“(should)+do”,常用的句型有:It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.)that ?It is suggested(requested, proposed, desired, etc.)that?(1)It is possible that he has stolen the 。如:It is uncertain if he will leave for Beijing 。如: That he was ill yesterday is known 。(2)What he wants is all 。如(from ):(1)How he worked it out is still a (2)What they makes in this factory are TV 。引導(dǎo)賓語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣,在句中可以作謂語動詞或介詞及非謂語動詞的賓語。I didn’t know that he was wounded in the 。如:I didn’t know(that)he was Li 。, ask, demand, desire, insist(堅決主張), order, propose, request, suggest(建議)等代的賓語從句須用虛擬語氣,即:(should)do的形式。The teacher advised us that we(should)not waste our 。即:1)當(dāng)主句謂語動詞的時態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r,從句的謂語動詞可用任何所需要的時態(tài)表示。When the teacher knows what we have done, he will say that we have done a good ,他會說我們做了一件好事。如:He didn’t tell us he came from 。3)但當(dāng)從句的內(nèi)容是客觀真理或客觀事實,而不受時間的限制時,即使主句謂語動詞為過去時,從句仍用一般現(xiàn)在時。表語從句學(xué)習(xí)指要在句中作表語的從句叫表語從句。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為:主語 + 系動詞 + that從句。表語從句中應(yīng)注意:,但當(dāng)主句中含動詞do的某種形式時,that可以省略。:advice, demand, decision, desire, idea, insistence, instruction, order, plan, proposal, remendation, request, requirement, suggestion, wish等名詞時,表語從句須用虛擬語氣,即:should +do。同位語從句學(xué)習(xí)指要同位語從句說明其前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容。如:He told us the truth that he fell down from his bike this 。如:Hw sent us a message that he won’t e next ,下周他不來了?!懊?、建議、要求” advice, demand, decision, desire, idea, insistence, instruction, order, plan, proposal, remendation, request, requirement, suggestion, wish 等名詞的同位語,須用虛擬語氣。Soon came the order that all the people should obey the ,所有的人不得違犯制度。同位語從句的前面一般是數(shù)量有限的、表示抽象意義的名詞;而定語從句的先行詞是無數(shù)的指人或物名詞。同位語從句表示同位名詞的具體內(nèi)容;而定語從句是對先行詞—名詞的限制、描繪或說明。引導(dǎo)同位語從句的that是連詞,在從句中不擔(dān)任任何成分,但不能省略;而引導(dǎo)定語從句的that為關(guān)系代詞,在從句中擔(dān)任句子的某種成分,當(dāng)擔(dān)任定語從句中的賓語時,that可以省略。定語從句不能用what, how, whether引導(dǎo);而同位從句可以用what, how, whether引導(dǎo)。同位語從句可充當(dāng)同位名詞的表語;而定語從句不能充當(dāng)先行詞的表語。因此,它們所引導(dǎo)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)必須完整。如:(1)That he learnt English before is 。(3)He looks as if he knows the 。如果if引導(dǎo)主語從句時,只能放在句中,而不能置于句首。(2)Do you know if / whether his words are ? 2)whether可與or not連用,而if則不可以。(2)The radio didn’t say whether it would rain or not 。(1)Let me know whether he will 。也可理解為:如果他愿意來,就告訴我一聲。Have you decided whether to go there tomorrow? 明天是否去那兒,你決定了嗎?(句子中的whether不能用if替換)5)whether引導(dǎo)的從句