【正文】 ?????????????????????????????? Ⅰ 英 文 摘 要 ????????????????????????????? Ⅲ 第一章 緒論 ???????????????????????? ??? ?? 1 第二章 工藝流程設(shè)計 ????????????????????????? 3 ??????????????????????? 3 原料油性質(zhì)、來源 ???????????????????????? 3 產(chǎn)品性質(zhì) ?????????????????????? ?????? 3 ????????????????????????????? 3 原油換熱系統(tǒng) ?????????????????????????? 4 常壓系統(tǒng) ???????????????????????????? 4 減壓系統(tǒng) ???????????????????????????? 4 第三章 常減壓裝置主要控制回路 ???????????????????? 6 ?????????????????????????????? 6 、減壓塔中段回流熱負(fù)荷 控制 ????????????????? 7 ??????????????????????? 7 爐膛壓力控制 ?????????????????????????? 7 煙道氣氧含量控制 ???????????????????????? 7 ???????????????????????? 7 ????????????????????????? 8 第四章 原油蒸餾先進(jìn)控制 ??????????????????????? 8 DCS 的控制結(jié)構(gòu)層 ????????????????????????? 8 ?????????????????????? 9 常壓塔多變量控制 ???????????????????????? 9 LQG 自校正控制 ????????????????????????? 9 中段回流計算 ?????????????????????????? 10 自動提降量模型 ????????????????????????? 11 第五章 煉油廠常壓塔溫度控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計的方案 ????????????? 12 ?????????????????? 12 ??????????????????? 13 遼寧石油化工大學(xué)繼續(xù)教育學(xué)院論文 VI 第六章 煉油廠常壓塔溫度控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計內(nèi)容 ??????????????? 14 ???????????????????? 14 ???????????????????????? 15 被控參數(shù)的選擇 ???????????????????????? 16 ???????????????????????? 17 溫度調(diào)節(jié)器的選擇 ???????????????????????? 18 執(zhí)行器的選擇 ?????????????????????????? 19 ??????????????????????? 20 儀器選擇 ????????????????? 21 第七章 DCS 編程 ??????????????????????????? 22 第 八 章 結(jié)論 ???????????????? ????????????? 36 第九 章 參考文獻(xiàn) ??????????????????????????? 37 第十章 謝辭 ????????????????????????????? 38 遼寧石油化工大學(xué)繼續(xù)教育學(xué)院論文 1 第一章 緒論 石油是一種主要由碳?xì)浠衔锝M成的復(fù)雜混合物。 遼寧石油化工大學(xué)繼續(xù)教育學(xué)院論文 II 遼寧石油化工大學(xué)繼續(xù)教育學(xué)院論文 III Crude oil distillation unit atmospheric tower control system design Abstract DCS in our refinery application for 15 years history, has more than 20 refining enterprise installed the different types of DCS, often relief devices, catalytic cracking, catalytic reforming device, hydrotreating, oil products to attune, the implementation of process control and production management. There are more than ten sets of DCS for crude oil distillation, majority is used for often of pressurerelief device single loop control and feedforward, cascade, selection, such plex loop control. The ratio Several refineries in the development and implementation of the advanced control strategy. Here with crude oil distillation process of DCS the main control circuit and advanced control software development and application situation. Liaohe oil belong to low sulphur crude oil, including among the naphthenic acid more according to the nature of the crude oil, characteristics and the demand of the market main production reforming gasoline, kerosene, diesel oil, heavy diesel, light mixed wax, directness, etc. Device by oil electricity desalination, often vacuum distillation, reduce glue residue cracking, and HangMei refined parts. According to processing including the naphthenic acid crude oil, bined with the naphthenic acid crude oil processing experience, optimize the selection of equipment and material, and adopted the most advanced technology, atmospheric distillation tower early both tata dish for ADV efficient tray. The reduced pressure tower neat padding materials handled, ability, air, liquid contact even, mass transfer effect is good. In order to realize the long period operation device. High temperature parts equipment and piping all adopt the stainless steel material, in order to achieve anticorrosive purpose. First, often be of top air cooling water, saving water instead of, also reduced the capacity of three wastes. Atmospheric tower set top cycle and two middle backflow backflow, in order to make the tower in steam, liquid loading distribution uniformity, improve the processing power, reduce the tower top condenser load. In order to reduce the reduced pressure the tower in height, improve the boiling point vacuum, vacuum pumping, the reduced pressure tower is secondary. Namely steam injection pump and water ring smoke vacuum pump. In the new process of new equipment and optimize the process, in order to energy saving 遼寧石油化工大學(xué)繼續(xù)教育學(xué)院論文 IV atmospheric system USES four units of air tanks to increase capacity, atmospheric pressure furnace four ways of ining four the road. To make a number of the middle of the fractions get reasonable use, because they are a lot of secondary processing raw material, and national economy from production all kinds of wax, lubricating oil, asphalt material. So this design USES the three sections of vaporization, namely the vaporization distillationatmospheric distillationvacuum distillation. Keywords: crude oil。因此本設(shè)計采用三段汽化蒸餾，即預(yù)汽化 — 常壓蒸餾 — 減壓蒸餾。 在采用新工藝新設(shè)備的同時優(yōu)化了工藝流程，為了節(jié)能常壓系統(tǒng)采用 4臺空冷器，為增加處理量常壓爐四路進(jìn)料四路出。為了降低減壓塔內(nèi)真空高度，提高沸點，減壓塔采用二級抽真空器。 初頂、常頂用空冷代替水冷，節(jié)約了用水量，也減少了三廢處理量。以實現(xiàn)裝置長周期運(yùn)行。根據(jù)加工含環(huán)烷酸原油的特點，結(jié)合加工含環(huán)烷酸原油的經(jīng)驗，優(yōu)化了設(shè)備選型及選材，采用了目前最先進(jìn)技術(shù)既初餾塔、常壓塔塔盤為 ADV高效塔盤。 遼河原油屬于低硫中間基原油， 含環(huán)烷酸多 根據(jù)原油的性質(zhì)、特點和市場的需求主要生 產(chǎn)重整汽油、航空煤油、輕柴油、重柴油、混合蠟油、渣油等。有幾家煉油廠開發(fā)并實施了先進(jìn)控制策略。遼寧石油化工大學(xué)繼續(xù)教育學(xué)院論文 I 原油蒸餾裝置常壓塔控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計 摘 要 DCS在我國煉油廠應(yīng)用已有 15年歷史，有 20多家煉油企業(yè)安裝使用了不同型號的 DCS，對常減壓裝置、催化裂化裝置、催化重整裝置、加氫精制、油品調(diào)合等實施過程控制和生產(chǎn)管理。其中有十幾套 DCS用于原油蒸餾，多數(shù)是用于常減壓裝置的單回路控制和前饋、串級、選擇、比值等復(fù)雜回路控制。下面介紹 DCS用原油蒸餾生產(chǎn)過程的主要控制回路和先進(jìn)控制軟件的開發(fā)和應(yīng)用情況。裝置由原油電脫鹽、常減壓蒸餾、渣油減粘裂化、航煤精制部分組成。減壓塔采用規(guī)整填料，處理物料能力大，汽、液接觸均勻，傳質(zhì)效果較好。 高溫部位設(shè)備和管線全部采用不銹鋼材質(zhì)，以達(dá)到防腐的目的。 常壓塔設(shè)頂循環(huán)回流和二個中段回流，以使塔內(nèi)汽、液相負(fù) 荷分布均勻，提高塔的處理能力，減小塔頂冷凝器的負(fù)荷。即蒸汽噴射泵和水環(huán)抽真空泵。 為使相當(dāng)數(shù)量的中間餾分得到合理利用，因為它們是很多的二次加工原料，又能從中生產(chǎn)國民經(jīng)濟(jì)所需的各種潤滑油、蠟、瀝青的原料。 關(guān)鍵詞： 原油；常減壓蒸餾塔；控制系統(tǒng)。 often vacuum distillation tower。石油中的烴類和非烴類化合物，相對分子質(zhì)量從幾十到幾千，相應(yīng)的沸點從常溫到 500 度以上，分子結(jié)構(gòu)也是多種多樣。世界經(jīng)濟(jì)強(qiáng)國無一不是煉油和石化工業(yè)強(qiáng)國。 石油及其產(chǎn)品的蒸餾是煉油裝置的最基本單元設(shè)備。因原油性質(zhì)不同，這些餾分有的可直接作為產(chǎn)品，有的需要進(jìn)行精制或加工。減壓塔底油可作為燃料油、瀝青、焦化或其它渣油加工（溶劑脫瀝青、渣油催化裂化、渣油加氫裂化等）的原料。該裝置不僅要生產(chǎn)出質(zhì)量合格的汽油、航空煤油、燈用煤油、柴油，還要生產(chǎn)出催化裂化原料、氧化瀝青原料和渣油；對于燃料一潤滑油型煉油廠，還需要生 產(chǎn)潤滑油基礎(chǔ)油。燃料一潤滑油型常減壓裝置的工藝流程是：原油從罐區(qū)