【正文】 %(重 ) 相對(duì)密度 204d 恩 氏 蒸 餾 數(shù) 據(jù) , ℃ 初 10% 30% 50% 70% 90% 終 初頂油 62 74 87 104 117 132 常頂油 初 ~130 30 80 108 115 127 138 147 航空煤油 130~230 147 167 183 200 219 244 264 輕 柴 油 230~320 228 260 278 292 306 330 349 重 柴 油 320~350 244 297 333 345 356 381 402 常四線 350~420 295 313 366 398 408 434 497 重 油 420 年加工 250 萬(wàn)噸原油生產(chǎn)工藝設(shè)計(jì) 第 2 頁(yè) 2 概述 設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ) 原油在常壓條件下呈液態(tài)的復(fù)雜的烴類混合物。包括相對(duì)密度、黏度、凝點(diǎn)或傾點(diǎn)、含硫量、含氮量、含蠟量、膠質(zhì)、瀝青質(zhì)、殘?zhí)?、水分、含鹽量、炭分、機(jī)械雜質(zhì)、元素分析、微量金屬、流程、閃點(diǎn)及原油的基屬等。長(zhǎng)江大學(xué)石油化工課程設(shè)計(jì) 目 錄 1 原料油性質(zhì)及產(chǎn)品性質(zhì) ................................................................................................. 1 原油的一般性質(zhì) ..................................................................................................... 1 原油實(shí)沸點(diǎn)蒸餾數(shù)據(jù) ............................................................................................. 1 原油平衡蒸餾數(shù)據(jù) ................................................................................................. 1 產(chǎn)品方案及產(chǎn)品性質(zhì) ............................................................................................. 1 2 概述 ................................................................................................................................. 2 設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ) ................................................................................................................. 2 設(shè)計(jì)方案 ................................................................................................................. 2 生產(chǎn)規(guī)模 ................................................................................................................. 3 工藝技術(shù)路線 ......................................................................................................... 3 工藝技術(shù)特點(diǎn) ......................................................................................................... 3 主要原材料 ............................................................................................................. 3 3 工藝流程設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................................................. 3 工藝流程 ................................................................................................................. 3 塔器結(jié)構(gòu) ................................................................................................................. 6 污染源分析 ............................................................................................................. 6 廢氣處理 ................................................................................................................. 7 廢水處理 ................................................................................................................. 7 4 常壓蒸餾塔工藝設(shè)計(jì) ..................................................................................................... 8 工藝參數(shù)計(jì)算 ......................................................................................................... 8 體積平 均沸點(diǎn) ......................................................................................................... 9 恩氏蒸餾 90%~10%斜率 ....................................................................................... 9 立方平均沸點(diǎn) 與 中平均沸點(diǎn) ................................................................................. 9 特性因數(shù) 及 相對(duì)分子質(zhì)量 ..................................................................................... 9 平衡蒸發(fā)溫度 ......................................................................................................... 9 臨界溫度和臨界壓力 ........................................................................................... 10 焦點(diǎn)溫度和焦點(diǎn)壓力 ........................................................................................... 10 原油和產(chǎn)品的有關(guān)性質(zhì)參數(shù)計(jì)算匯總 ............................................................... 10 5 操作條件的確定 ........................................................................................................... 11 汽提蒸汽用量 ....................................................................................................... 11 塔板型式和塔板數(shù) ............................................................................................... 12 操作壓力 ............................................................................................................... 12 年加工 250 萬(wàn)噸原油生產(chǎn)工藝設(shè)計(jì) 汽化段溫度 ........................................................................................................... 13 塔底溫度 ............................................................................................................... 15 塔頂及各側(cè)線溫度的假設(shè)與回流熱分配 ........................................................... 15 蒸餾塔各點(diǎn)溫度核算 ........................................................................................... 16 全塔汽液負(fù)荷分布圖 ........................................................................................... 19 6 常壓蒸餾尺寸計(jì)算 ....................................................................................................... 20 塔的直徑的計(jì)算 ................................................................................................... 20 塔高的計(jì)算 ............................................................................................................ 21 塔板布置 , 浮閥、溢流堰及降液管的計(jì)算 ........................................................ 22 浮閥數(shù) ................................................................................................................... 22 溢流堰及降液管的決定 ........................................................................................ 22 7 常壓蒸餾塔水力計(jì)算 ................................................................................................... 23 塔板總壓力降 ....................................................................................................... 23 霧沫夾帶 ............................................................................................................... 23 泄漏 ...............................