【正文】 前一世紀(jì)前，征服了高盧地區(qū)，然而，高盧的貴族、反叛者總能在不列顛島找到避護(hù)并得以休養(yǎng)生息，而當(dāng)時英國的士兵也經(jīng)常渡過海峽到法國北部去幫助他們的高盧親戚?？撇ǚ茽枴? 《老古玩店》 《奧利弗 璜 》 Don Juan 《哀希臘》 Isle of Greece 《西風(fēng)頌》 On West Wind 《希臘古甕頌》 Ode on an Grecian Urn 《秋頌》 《夜鶯頌》 《羅伯 D. H. Lawrence is a rather critical writer. Rainbow and Women in Love are his works. Maugham is a traditional writer. 《英國文學(xué)》講義 第 4 頁 共 167 頁 He is famous for his short stories. 《英國文學(xué)》講義 第 5 頁 共 167 頁 必讀書目 《貝奧武甫》 Beowulf 《亞瑟王與他的園桌騎士》 《坎特伯雷故事集》 The Canterbury Tale 《烏托邦》 《威尼斯商人》 The Merchant of Venice 《李爾王》 King Lear 《哈姆雷特》 Hamlet 《暴風(fēng)雨》 The Tempest 《失樂園》 Paradise Lost 《哀失明》 《夢亡妻》 《天路歷程》 The Pilgrimage 《魯濱遜河流記》 Robinson Crusoe 《格列弗游記》 Gulliver’s Travels 《棄嬰湯姆 Mrs. Dalloway。 poet of the 19th C. and the beginning of the 20th C. 7. British literature of the 20th c. The 20th C. is a century marked by modernism. T. S. Eliot wrote Waste Land。 Childe Harold‘s Pilgrimage Shelley: On West Wind Keats: Ode to a Nightingale。 Fielding: The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling。 provoke science and technology. They regard ration as the base of thought and action. Enlightenment movement touched upon economics, politics, law, science, philosophy, social system, and prevailing custom and fashion （社會風(fēng)尚） . Main works: Defoe: Robinson Crusoe。 The Tempest。 King Lear。在學(xué)習(xí)過程中，大家要特別注意一些概念、時代的特點及對文學(xué)的影響，作家的特點、作品的意義、在文學(xué)史上的地位等等。 在本課的學(xué)習(xí)中，我們要學(xué)習(xí)以下內(nèi)容： 首先，要對英國歷史進(jìn)行簡單介紹，因為文學(xué)的發(fā)展是與歷史、政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化等方面的發(fā)展密不可分的。 for ornament, is in discourse。 ? 書有可淺嘗者，有可吞食者，少數(shù)則須咀嚼消化。《英國文學(xué)》講義 第 1 頁 共 167 頁 英 國 文 學(xué) 講 義 蘇 鵬《英國文學(xué)》講義 第 2 頁 共 167 頁 授課前面的話 ? 讀書足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以長才。其怡情也，最見于獨處幽居之時；其傅彩也，最見于高談闊論之中；其長才也，最見于處世判事之際 。 ? Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring。 and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business. ? Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested。在了解一定的歷史知識的基礎(chǔ)上，本課要分階段、分 時代地對英國文學(xué)的發(fā)展進(jìn)行介紹，這中間，要介紹各個不同歷史時期的文學(xué)思想及其代表人物，各文學(xué)流派及其主張、有代表性的作家、作品。 英國文學(xué)的分期 division of time of British Literature 1. Early and Medieval British Literature (1). Old English literature Celtics and other habitants in British islands did not leave us any written literary work. The important work at this time worth mentioning is Beowulf, an epoch poem left by AngloSaxon and Jutes. (2). Medieval British literature Literature in this period of time includes many legend stories about knights. King Arthur and his Roundtable Knights is the most famous and popular one. Chaucer and his The Canterbury Tales is the highlight of this time. 2. British literature of British Literature of Renaissance Renaissance in Britain es later than other European countries. But it also starts with the discovery of ancient Greek and Roman culture. Greek was taught in universities and some Greek and Roman literary work were translated into English. Culture figures in Britain wrote their ideas on humanistic ideas. Thomas More‘s Utopia is the most famous. Poetry at this time is flourishing. Sons began to root into this country. Poems of every kind have their own famous poets. Among them was Spenser. His masterpiece is Faire Queene. Another achievement in poetry is successful usage of blank verse in drama. The bination of drama and poetry resulted in its pride: university wits with Marlow as the representative, and later Shakespeare are the peak of British literature in Renaissance. We will study the following works: The Merchant of Venice。 hamlet。 sons 3. British literature of Bourgeois Revolution (17th c) At the end of the 16th century, conflict between feudal and new rising bourgeois is getting fierce and caused unrestness in people‘s minds. Bourgeoisoccupied parliament passed a law, which closed, down theatres. Subsequently, drama declined. At the same time, there were many arguments about religion in prose work. Metaphysics expressed the confused feeling. The outstanding figure at this time is 《英國文學(xué)》講義 第 3 頁 共 167 頁 Milton and his Paradise Lost. In this poem, Milton expressed his puritan ideas through a Bible story. In his description of Satan, Milton embodies his revolutionary idea. Those lines saturated with rebellious thoughts are the inspiring part. His other two works are Paradise Regained, and Samson. After Restoration, literary style changed. Luxury, exaggeration, reappeared in literary work. The one writer against this tendency is Banyan. His The Pilgrimage is the predecessor of modern novel. It starts modern narration. 4. British literature of Enlightenment (18th c) In the first half of 18th century, Britain passed a period of time of stability and peace. Neoclassicism is popular in British literature. Pope worth mentioning. Spirit of enlightenment appeared in prose. Enlightenment is another culture movement against antiFeudalism and antiChristianity after Renaissance. People at this time were in pursuit of political and academic freedom。 Swift: Gulliver‘s Travels。 5. British literature of Romanticism (19th c) Sentimentalism appeared in poetry of the second half of 18th century. There appeared a poet Percy: Reliques of Ancient English Poetry. Scottish poet Burns is the star of this period. Burns and William Blake represented the spirit of preRomanticism. Lake Poets: Wordsworth, Coleridge, and Southey. Byron: Don Juan。 Ode on a Grecian Urn Scot is a famous romantic novelist. His Ivanhoe and Rob Roy and other novels based on historical story had great influence on novel development in Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Russia and the USA. 6. British literature of Critical Realism Critical realism d