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英國文學(xué)教案本(文件)

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【正文】 he Rime of the Ancient Mariner,‖ and Oscar Wilde39。 1359 年隨愛德華三世的部隊遠(yuǎn)征法國,參加了對法百年戰(zhàn)爭被法軍俘虜,在國王的資助下,不久被贖回,并結(jié)婚,成了蘭開斯特公爵的聯(lián)襟。他曾寫過打油詩《致空囊》給剛登基的亨利四世,申訴自己的貧窮。s chief works during this time are the Book of the Duchess, an allegorical lament written in 1369 on the death of Blanche, wife of John of Gaunt, and a partial translation of the Roman de la Rose. Italian Period Chaucer39。 and a prose translation of Boethius39。s Filostrato, one of the great love poems in the English language (see Troilus and Cressida). In Troilus and Criseyde, Chaucer perfected the sevenline stanza later called rhyme 西德 ① . 法國影響時期( 1359~ 1372):主要翻譯并仿效法國詩人的作品,創(chuàng)作了《悼公爵夫人》,用倫敦方言翻譯了法國中世紀(jì)長篇敘事詩《玫瑰傳奇》等。無論在內(nèi)容和技巧上都達(dá)到他創(chuàng)作的頂峰。 For which unto your mercy thus I crye: Beth hevy ageyn, or elles mot I dye! 2 Now voucheth sauf this day, or yt be nyght, That I of yow the blisful soun may here, Or see your colour lyk the sonne bryght, That of yelownesse hadde never pere. Ye be my lyf, ye be myn hertes stere, Quene of fort and of good panye: Beth hevy ageyn, or elles moote I dye! 3 Now purse, that ben to me my lyves light And saveour, as doun in this world here, Out of this toune helpe me thurgh your myght, Syn that ye wole nat ben my tresorere。 你是慰藉之母,你應(yīng)與我友好, 趕緊加重分量,否則我就完了! 3 錢 囊呀,你照耀著我這生命之路, 在人間唯有你是我的護(hù)神, 但你 既不愿為我把守空庫, 就請你送我離開這座都城; 我囊空如洗,象個禿頭僧人。 1此詩是喬叟晚年反作;新國王亨利四世于 1399 年 9 月30 日加冕,此詩刊行即日就得到新國王賞識。 欲濟(jì)無舟楫,端居恥圣明。 齊紈未足時人貴,一曲菱歌亂萬金。煩君最相警,我亦舉家清。之所以稱之為“國王體”是因為后來蘇格蘭國王詹姆斯一 世以這種形式寫了蘇格蘭方言愛情詩《國王的書》。 4. 開創(chuàng)了英國文學(xué)的現(xiàn)實主義傳統(tǒng)。 無論英格蘭各郡的東西南北, 人們尤其要去的是坎特伯雷, 去拜謝恩澤萬民的殉難圣徒, 因為人們有病時他給予救助。 不久后太陽從地平線上消失, 我同他們每個人都作了交談, 很快就成了他們當(dāng)中的一員。 在他君主的戰(zhàn)事中表現(xiàn)英勇, 他南征北戰(zhàn)處處都留下行蹤, 在基督徒世界或在異教之邦, 他都因為有勇氣而備受頌揚。 盡管他極其勇敢卻世事洞達(dá), 舉止的溫和簡直就像是姑娘; 一生中他不管遇到什么對象, 也從來都不曾說過一句粗話。 他有個兒子隨行,這年輕扈從 正在戀愛,他精神振奮又忠勇, 有一頭像是火鉗燙出的鬈發(fā)。 整天里他不是唱歌就是吹笛, 就像是五月天充滿青春朝氣。 他謙遜有禮,樂于幫人家一手; 到了餐桌上,他總為父親切肉。 他的手臂上套著精致的護(hù)腕, 身子的一旁是他的盾牌和 劍; 另一邊則是寒光閃閃的匕首, 它制作精良,鋒利得就像矛頭。 她餐桌上的禮儀學(xué)得很到家; 沒一點食物會從她唇間掉下, 她手指不會蘸到調(diào)味汁里面。 要說到那種仁厚溫柔的感情, 她是滿腔慈悲,一肚子好心腸; 看到一只老鼠夾住在捕機(jī)上 死去或流血,她就不禁要流淚, 她養(yǎng)著幾條小狗,她給它們喂 烤肉,或者喂牛奶和精白面包; 只要這中間有 一只竟然死掉 或挨了棍子抽打,她準(zhǔn)會哭泣 —— 她有滿腔的柔腸、仁愛的心地。 黃杲欣譯 選自《坎特伯雷故事》,譯林出版社(1999) 《英國文學(xué)》講義 第 19 頁 共 167 頁 2. 3. 4. 英國文學(xué)的繁榮 第一節(jié) Edmond Spenser 一、 Edmond Spenser 的生平 出生于倫敦一布商人家庭。 17 歲時,斯賓塞入劍橋大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí), 21 歲獲得學(xué)士學(xué)位, 24 歲獲得碩士學(xué)位。愛爾蘭當(dāng)時是英國的殖民地,基本人口是農(nóng)民和坎爾特人游牧部落。 1598 年,在一次判亂中,他的房屋田產(chǎn)全部燒毀。其十二歌,每月一歌,大多數(shù)以歌頌愛情為主題,有的則涉及教會。 詩人的這種心情,在另一首詩中表現(xiàn)得更直接。 Tell her the joyous time wil not be staid, Unlesse she doe him by the forelock take。d time. 4 Make: = mate 《英國文學(xué)》講義 第 21 頁 共 167 頁 三、《婚前曲》 Prothalamion 1. 作品 《英國文學(xué)》講義 第 22 頁 共 167 頁 1 Calm was the day, and through the trembling air, Sweete breathing Zephyrus5 did softly play A gentle spirit, that lightly did delay Hot Titans beames6, which then did glyster fayre( fair) : When I (whom sullein care, Through discontent of my long fruitlesse stay In Princes‘ Court, and expectation vayne(vain) Of idle hopes, which still do fly away, Like empty shadowes, did aflict my brayne(brain)7, Walked forth to ease my payne Along the shoare of siluer streaming Thames, Whose rutty Bancke, the which his River hems8, Was paynted all with variable flowers, And all the meades 9 adornd with daintie gemmes, Fit to deck maydens bowres, And crowne their Paramours(古:愛人) , Against the Brydale day10, which is not long: Sweete Themmes! runne softly, till I end my Song. 2 There, in a Meadow, by the Rivers‘ side, A Flocke of Nymphes I chaunced to espy11, 5 Zephyrus: 即 zephyr,西風(fēng)。 Titan 是希臘神話中天、地所生的十二個子女中的任何一下。這種結(jié)構(gòu)在古典希臘語中很常見。 9 Meads: meadows,草地 10 against the bridal day:為婚期作準(zhǔn)備。 the violet, pallid blew, The little dazie, that at evening closes, The virgin lillie, and the Primrose trew, With store of vermeil17 Roses, To deck their Bridegroom‘s posies18, Against the Brydale day, which was not long: Sweete Themmes! runne softly, till I end my Song. 3 With that I saw two Swans of goodly hewe19, Come softly swimming downe along the Lee20。 Curiously:古=carefully 15 flasket:長形的淺籃子 16 cropt full feateously 花摘得很整齊。 24 Seemed foul … silken feathers:河水與潔白的羽毛一比相形見絀,因此囑咐波浪不要用不 潔之水去打濕潔白如絲的羽毛。 Team: 車子 29 非凡夫俗子所生。st one did sing this lay, Prepar39。 《英國文學(xué)》講義 第 24 頁 共 167 頁 long: Sweete Themmes! runne softly, till I end my Song. 6 ―Ye gentle Birdes! the worlds faire ornament, And heaven‘s glory, whom this happy hour Doth leade unto your lovers blissfull bower, Joy may you have and gentle hearts‘ content Of your love‘s couplement36: And let faire Venus, that is queene of loue, With her heartquelling son 37 upon you smile, Whose smile they say, hath virtu。 33 Tempe‘s shore: 敦陂,希臘 thessaly 地區(qū)東北部一個狹長山谷的出海處,風(fēng)景秀麗,每隔九年在此慶祝阿波羅節(jié),把鮮花挑到河里。其中一位say, In sweetest season31, when each flower and weede The earth did fresh aray: So fresh they seem39。 had flowers their fill: had their fill of flowers, 摘花盈籃 26 That silver brood:指兩位新娘 27 them seemed they never saw a sight so fair: it seemed to them that they had never seen a sight so fair. 他們似乎從未見過如此美麗的一對天鵝。d foul to them, and bade his billows spare To wet their silken feathers 24 , least they might Soyle their fair plumes with water not so fayre, And mar their beauties bright, That shone as heaven‘s light, Against their Brydale day, which was not long: Sweete Themmes! runne softly, till I end my Song. 4 Eftsoones 25 the nymphes, which now had flowers their fill, Ran all in haste, to see that silver brood26, As they came floating on the Christal Flood: Whom when they sawe, they stood
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