【正文】 而后對(duì)此方法進(jìn)行了從工藝流程到計(jì)算和選型的詳細(xì)描述。本設(shè)計(jì)還增加了尾氣治理，針對(duì)不同的需要采用不同的治理辦法。關(guān)鍵詞：稀硝酸；中壓法；氧化爐；鉑催化劑 ；吸收塔；工藝計(jì)算；尾氣處理金源公司化工工藝學(xué)習(xí)班 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)報(bào)告紙第 4 頁(yè)，共 56 頁(yè)Design the craft of dilute nitric acid workshopwith an annual output of 60,000 tonsName of stendent: Director: Abstract： The design started from the description nitic acid’s basic properly and its futurn development to elaborate first the necessity produced the thin nitic acid , and then carried on the summary and the proof to its productiom methd . Finally selected the productin law of medium pressure . Then has carried on to descripe this method from the technical process to the calculation and choice modle detailed . For example , the thin nitric acid’s production principle ( Including the choice of catalysts and catalytic mechanism ) , the technical process , production process’s influencing factor , chemical technology calculation , the design of oxidation equipment and appurtenance’s choice , workshop design . This design also increased the exhaust gas treatment , the different treatment approaches would be used in different needs . Finally , the production method that used in this design had been aggregated and discussed . Keywords: Dilute nitric acid；Compression pressure method； Oxidized still；Platinum Catalyst；Absorption tower；Craft Calculation；Exhaust processing金源公司化工工藝學(xué)習(xí)班 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)報(bào)告紙第 5 頁(yè)，共 56 頁(yè)目 錄第一章 總論 .......................................................7 硝酸工業(yè)的概況及發(fā)展趨勢(shì) [1] .....................................7 國(guó)外硝酸工業(yè)的現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢(shì) .................................7 國(guó)內(nèi)硝酸工業(yè)的現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢(shì) .................................7 硝酸的性質(zhì) [2，3] ................................................8 硝酸的物理性質(zhì) ...............................................8 硝酸的化學(xué)性質(zhì) ...............................................9 硝酸的毒性、安全和貯運(yùn) [5] .....................................10第二章 稀硝酸生產(chǎn)流程綜述 ..........................................11 各種生產(chǎn)方法綜述 ...............................................11 常壓法 .......................................................11 加壓法 .......................................................11 綜合法 ......................................................12 稀硝酸生產(chǎn)流程的確定 ..........................................13 稀硝酸生產(chǎn)的主要原理 ..........................................14第三章 氨的接觸氧化 [11] .............................................15 氨的接觸氧化原理 [12，13] ..........................................15 催化劑的選擇 .................................................16 鉑系催化劑 [14].................................................16 化學(xué)組成 ....................................................16 物理性狀 ....................................................16 鉑網(wǎng)的活化、中毒及再生 ......................................17 鉑網(wǎng)的損失和回收 ............................................18 氨催化氧化的反應(yīng)動(dòng)力學(xué) [15]....................................19 工藝條件的確定 ..............................................20 混合氣組成 .....................................................21 爆炸及其防止 [16] ...............................................21 氨接觸氧化工藝流程 .............................................23 空氣和氨的凈化 ...............................................23 混合氣體的配制 ...............................................23 反應(yīng)熱的利用 .................................................23 工藝流程簡(jiǎn)述 .................................................24第四章 一氧化氮的氧化 [17] ...........................................25 一氧化氮氧化機(jī)理 .............................................25 氧化反應(yīng)的影響因素 ............................................25 一氧化氨氧化的工藝流程 ........................................26第五章 氮氧化物的吸收 ..............................................28 氮氧化物吸收機(jī)理 ...............................................28金源公司化工工藝學(xué)習(xí)班 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)報(bào)告紙第 6 頁(yè)，共 56 頁(yè) 工藝條件的確定 .................................................28 吸收溫度 .....................................................28 操作壓力 .....................................................28 氣體組成 .....................................................29第六章 工藝計(jì)算 [18] .................................................30 物料衡算 .......................................................30 反應(yīng)器（氧化） ..............................................30 廢熱鍋爐（WHB）和冷卻冷凝器 ................................32 吸收塔 ......................................................34 生成的酸 ....................................................37 總收率 .....................................................38 放大至所需生產(chǎn)的速率 .......................................38 能量衡算 [19，20] .................................................39 壓縮機(jī)（透平機(jī)） ............................................39 氨氣化 ......................................................40 氧化器 ......................................................40第七章 主要設(shè)備的工藝計(jì)算和選型 [22] .................................43 氨氧化爐 [23，24] ..................................................43 設(shè)備簡(jiǎn)介 .....................................................43 工藝計(jì)算及選型 ...............................................43 酸吸收塔 ......................................................45 其他設(shè)備選型 [25] ...............................................46第八章 車(chē)間設(shè)備布置 [26~28] ..........................................47第九章 硝酸尾氣的處理 [29] ...........................................48 溶液吸收法 .....................................................48 堿液吸收 ...................................................48 亞硫酸溶液吸收法 ...........................................49 延長(zhǎng)吸收法 .................................................49 用稀硝酸加釩鹽吸收法 .......................................49 硝酸吸收法 .................................................49 固體物質(zhì)吸收或吸附法 ..........................................49 固體物質(zhì)吸收法 ..............................................49 固體吸附法 ..................................................50 催化還原法 ....................................................5