【正文】 ring/assembly process into consideration, for example: ? 必要的拔模斜度 (Necessary mold drafts) ? 表面處理的限制 (Limited surface finish) ? 裝配空間 /工具可加工性 (Assembling space/access for tooling) ? 鋼材硬度的限制 (Limited hardenability of steels) ? 公差 /過程能力 /性能 (Tolerance/process capability/performance) 小組的努力 (Team Effort) 設(shè)計 FMEA也可以考慮到產(chǎn)品維護 (售後服務(wù) )和資源回收利用技術(shù)的 /物質(zhì)的限制。 During the initial Design FMEA process, the responsible engineer is expected to directly and actively involve representatives from all affected areas. These areas of expertise and responsibility should include but are not limited to assembly, manufacturing, design, analysis/test, reliability, materials, quality, service, and suppliers, as well as the design area responsible for the next higher or lower assembly or system, subsystem, or ponent. 設(shè)計 FMEA是一份動態(tài)文件，且應(yīng)該： The Design FMEA is a living document and should: ? 在一個設(shè)計概念最終形成之時或之前開始； Be initiated before or at design concept finalization ? 在產(chǎn)品開發(fā)各階段中，當設(shè)計更變更或獲得資訊增加時，要及時、不斷地修改； Be continually updated as changes occur or additional information is obtained throughout the phases of product development ? 在最終產(chǎn)品加工圖樣完成至製迼模具之前全部結(jié)束。 Developing a ranked list of potential failure modes according to their effect on the “customer”, thus establishing a priority system for design improvements, development, and validation testing/analysis. DFMEA簡介 (Introduction) 顧客的定義 (Customer Defined) 設(shè)計 FMEA中“顧客”的定義，不僅僅是指“最終使用者” ，還包括負責車型設(shè)計或更高一級裝配過程設(shè)計的工程師 /小組，以及在生產(chǎn)過程中負責製造、裝配和售後服務(wù)的工程師。 End items, along with every related system, subsystem, and ponent, should be evaluated. ? FMEA是設(shè)計小組想法的摘錄 (包括依據(jù)經(jīng)驗更可能失效事項之分析 )。 A review of the FMEA document against FMEA quality objectives is remended, including a management review. FMEA的實施 (FMEA Implementation) 1. FMEA的持續(xù)追蹤是非常重要的 The need for taking effective preventive/corrective actions, with appropriate followup on those actions, cannot be overemphasized. 2. 負責工程師應(yīng)確保所更的建議措施均已更效執(zhí)行 The responsible engineer is in charge of ensuring that all remended actions have been implementation or adequately addressed. 3. FMEA是個隨時需要更新的文件 ,縱使該產(chǎn)品已經(jīng)量產(chǎn) ,如更設(shè)計或工程變更時亦需更新 FMEA內(nèi)容 The FMEA is a living document and should always reflect the latest level, as well as the latest relevant actions, including those occurring after the start of production. FMEA的持續(xù)追蹤 (FollowUp) Design Failure Mode and Effects Analysis 設(shè)計失效模式與效應(yīng)分析 DFMEA簡介 (Introduction) ? 設(shè)計 FMEA主要是由負責設(shè)計的工程師 /小組採用的一種分析技術(shù)，用來佐證在可能的範圍內(nèi)已充分地考慮到，並指明各種潛在的失效模式及其相關(guān)的起因 /機制。 It is not simply a case of filling out the form but rather of understanding the FMEA process in order to eliminate risk and plan the appropriate controls to ensure customer satisfaction. FMEA的實施 (FMEA Implementation) FMEA實施步驟 : 行動結(jié)果 現(xiàn)行的 設(shè)計管制 項目 / 失效 潛在 失效模式 失效 潛在效應(yīng) 嚴 重 度 等 級 潛在原因 / 失效機制 發(fā) 生 度 預(yù)防 偵測 探 測 度 R P N 建議措施 責任與 目標 完成日期 採行措施 嚴重度 發(fā)生率 探測度 R.P.N 功能，特微或要求 為 何？什 麼 會錯誤？－無功能－部分／過多　／降低功能－間歇功能－不預(yù)期功能效應(yīng) 為 何？ 有多不好？原因 為 何？其發(fā)生頻率 為 何？如何能預(yù)防及發(fā)現(xiàn)這種原因及錯誤？這種方法發(fā)現(xiàn)這種問題有多好？ 能 夠 做什 麼 ？ －設(shè)計變更 －製程變更 －特別管制 －標準，程 序書或指引 更FMEA的實施 (FMEA Implementation) 7. FMEA Process Sequence: FMEA的實施 (FMEA Implementation) Subsystem Function Reqt?s Potential Failure Mode Potential Effect(s) of Failure S E V C L A S S Potential Cause(s)/ Mechanism(s) of Failure O C C U R Current Controls D E T E C R. P. N. Remended Action(s) Responsibility Target Completion Date Action Results Actions Taken S E V O C C D E T R. P. N. Prevention Detection What are the Functions, Features or Requirements? What can go wrong? No Function Partial /Over /Degraded Function Intermittent Function Unintended Function What are the Effect(s)? How bad is it? What are the Cause(s)? How often does it happen? How can this be prevented and detected? How good is this method at detecting it? What can be done? Design Changes Process Changes Special Controls Changes to Standards, Procedures, or Guides 8. 實施 FMEA的三種時機 There are three basic cases for which FMEA?s are generated,each with a different scope or focus. 、新技術(shù)或新製程 New design, new technology, or new process Modifications to existing design or process 、位置或應(yīng)用時 Use of an existing design or process in a new environment, location, or application FMEA的實施 (FMEA Implementation) 9. FMEA的推動雖由指定專人負責 ,但其作業(yè)展開，應(yīng)由 FMEA小組來完成 (一般跨功能小組 =FMEA小組 ) Although responsibility for the preparation of the FMEA is usually assigned to an individual, FMEA input should be a team effort. 10. 即使產(chǎn)品 /製程是一致的，不同小組的比較及評價是不適宜的。 Team member should be knowledgeable and technical expert, and not the assistants bined from each departments. FMEA的實施 (FMEA Implementation) 5. 適時性是成功實施 FMEA的重要因素之一，強調(diào)「事前的防範」，而非事後「事故的補救」。 Studies of vehicle campaigns have shown that fully implemented FMEA programs could have prevented many of the campaigns. 3. 要完成 FMEA得依靠小組共同努力。F M E A Training 目 錄 ( C o n t e n t s ) 一、何謂 FMEA (What is an FMEA) 二、 FMEA的種類 (The Type of FMEA) 三、 FMEA的實施 (FMEA Implementation) 四、 FMEA的持續(xù)追蹤 (FollowUp) 五、 DFMEA填表說明 (Design FMEA) 六、 PFMEA填表說明 (Process FMEA) 何謂 FMEA(What is an FMEA) ?FMEA:失效模式與效應(yīng)分析 (Failure Mode and Effects Analysis) ?FMEA係藉由系統(tǒng)性的小組活動來進行下列工作 : An FMEA can be described as a systematic group of activities intended to: /製程潛在的失效模式及其影響 Recognize and evaluate the potential failure of a product/process and effects of that failure