基于單片機(jī)的直流電動(dòng)機(jī)的控制-展示頁(yè)
2024-11-29 21:29本頁(yè)面
【正文】 電刷可保證每個(gè)極下線圈邊中電流始終是一個(gè)方向，就可以使電動(dòng)機(jī)能連續(xù)的旋轉(zhuǎn)。直流電動(dòng)機(jī)的勵(lì)磁線圈兩個(gè)端線通有相反方向的電流，使整個(gè)線圈產(chǎn)生繞軸的扭力，使線圈轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。調(diào)速系統(tǒng)主要是通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié) PWM 的占空比大小來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。當(dāng)前電機(jī)控制器的發(fā)展方向越來(lái)越趨于多樣化和復(fù)雜化，現(xiàn)有的專用集成電路未必能滿足苛刻的新產(chǎn)品開(kāi)發(fā)要求，為此可考慮開(kāi)發(fā)電機(jī)的新型單片機(jī)控制器，因此研究電機(jī)的調(diào)速控制有著非常重要的意義。單片機(jī)具有體積小、重量輕、耗能省、價(jià)格低可靠性和通用靈活性等特點(diǎn)，尤其是美國(guó) Intel 公司生產(chǎn)的 MCS51 系列單片機(jī)，由于其具有集成度高、處理功能強(qiáng)、可靠性好、結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、價(jià)格低廉、易于使用等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，在我國(guó)已經(jīng)得到廣泛的應(yīng)用。 近十幾年來(lái)，單片機(jī)作為微計(jì)算機(jī)一個(gè)很重要的分支，應(yīng)用廣泛，發(fā)展迅速，已經(jīng)對(duì)人類社會(huì)產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。由于它具有良好的線性調(diào)速特性，簡(jiǎn)單的控制性能，高效率，優(yōu)異的動(dòng)態(tài)特性，現(xiàn)在仍是大多數(shù)調(diào)速控制電動(dòng)機(jī)的最優(yōu)選擇。direction control 目 錄 摘 要 ....................................................................... 2 Abstract.................................................................... 3 1 緒 論 ...................................................................... 5 研究背景 .................................................... 5 研究?jī)r(jià)值 .................................................... 5 研究?jī)?nèi)容 .................................................... 5 2 直流電動(dòng)機(jī)簡(jiǎn)介 ............................................................ 5 直流電動(dòng)機(jī)的工作原理及其構(gòu)造 ................................ 5 直流電動(dòng)機(jī)的 PWM 調(diào)壓調(diào)速原理 ................................ 6 3 控制系統(tǒng)的總體設(shè)計(jì) ........................................................ 7 設(shè)計(jì)方案分析與比較 .......................................... 7 系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) ................................................ 9 單片機(jī) 89C51 簡(jiǎn) 介 ........................................... 10 L298N 電動(dòng)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)芯片簡(jiǎn)介 .................................... 11 4 硬件設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................. 12 單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)電路 ............................................. 12 復(fù)位電路 ................................................... 13 時(shí)鐘電路 ................................................... 14 直流電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)電路 ........................................... 15 鍵盤(pán)電路 ................................................... 16 5 軟件設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................. 17 單極性可逆電動(dòng)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的電動(dòng)機(jī)啟停、正反轉(zhuǎn)控制 ........... 17 系統(tǒng)總體流程設(shè)計(jì) ............................................ 18 6 仿真調(diào)試 ................................................................. 19 Keil C51 軟件簡(jiǎn)介 ........................................... 19 Proteus 仿真軟件簡(jiǎn)介 ........................................ 20 調(diào)試 ....................................................... 21 總結(jié) ....................................................................... 24 參考文獻(xiàn) ................................................................... 25 附錄 ....................................................................... 27 謝辭 ....................................................................... 29 1 緒論 研究背景 直流電動(dòng)機(jī)是最早出現(xiàn)的電動(dòng)機(jī)，也是最早實(shí)現(xiàn)調(diào)速的電動(dòng)機(jī)。 關(guān)鍵詞 ：直流電動(dòng)機(jī)；轉(zhuǎn)速控制；方向控制 Abstract Along with the development of microelectronics and puter technology, the requirement of the dc motor’s quantity grows day by day, it is widely used in printers, electric toys and other consumer products as well as the numerical control machine tools, industrial robots, medical equipment and other mechanical and electrical products, and applied in all professions and trades of the national of dc motor control system, to improve the control precision and response speed, energy conservation is of great significance. Because singlechip has advantages of high integration, strong processing power, good reliability and the characteristics of simple structure, low cost as well as easy to use, so the paper uses the 51 series microcontroller design the contr
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